Browsing by Author "Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore"

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    The Accuracy of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Algorithm for Screening to Detect Major Depression: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis
    (2020-01-01) Chen He; Brooke Levis; Kira E. Riehm; Nazanin Saadat; Alexander W. Levis; Marleine Azar; Danielle B. Rice; Ankur Krishnan; Yin Wu; Ying Sun; Mahrukh Imran; Jill Boruff; Pim Cuijpers; Simon Gilbody; John P.A. Ioannidis; Lorie A. Kloda; Dean McMillan; Scott B. Patten; Ian Shrier; Roy C. Ziegelstein; Dickens H. Akena; Bruce Arroll; Liat Ayalon; Hamid R. Baradaran; Murray Baron; Anna Beraldi; Charles H. Bombardier; Peter Butterworth; Gregory Carter; Marcos Hortes Nisihara Chagas; Juliana C.N. Chan; Rushina Cholera; Kerrie Clover; Yeates Conwell; Janneke M. De Man-Van Ginkel; Jesse R. Fann; Felix H. Fischer; Daniel Fung; Bizu Gelaye; Felicity Goodyear-Smith; Catherine G. Greeno; Brian J. Hall; Patricia A. Harrison; Martin Härter; Ulrich Hegerl; Leanne Hides; Stevan E. Hobfoll; Marie Hudson; Thomas N. Hyphantis; Masatoshi Inagaki; Khalida Ismail; Nathalie Jetté; Mohammad E. Khamseh; Kim M. Kiely; Yunxin Kwan; Femke Lamers; Shen Ing Liu; Manote Lotrakul; Sonia R. Loureiro; Bernd Löwe; Laura Marsh; Anthony McGuire; Sherina Mohd-Sidik; Tiago N. Munhoz; Kumiko Muramatsu; Flávia L. Osório; Vikram Patel; Brian W. Pence; Philippe Persoons; Angelo Picardi; Katrin Reuter; Alasdair G. Rooney; Iná S. Da Silva Dos Santos; Juwita Shaaban; Abbey Sidebottom; Adam Simning; Lesley Stafford; Sharon Sung; Pei Lin Lynnette Tan; Alyna Turner; Henk C.P.M. Van Weert; Jennifer White; Mary A. Whooley; Kirsty Winkley; Mitsuhiko Yamada; Brett D. Thombs; Andrea Benedetti; Melbourne Institute; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences; San Francisco VA Health Care System; Mackay Medical College; Calvary Mater Newcastle; Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore; City of Minneapolis; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Australia; Niigata Seiryo University; Bar-Ilan University School of Social Work; Makerere University; Concordia University; University Medical Center Utrecht; Royal Women's Hospital, Carlton; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; KU Leuven– University Hospital Leuven; University of Queensland; Mackay Memorial Hospital Taiwan; University of New South Wales (UNSW) Australia; University of Edinburgh; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; Shimane University; Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Universiti Putra Malaysia; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; KU Leuven; Iran University of Medical Sciences; Prince of Wales Hospital Hong Kong; University of Rochester Medical Center; University of California, San Francisco; Neuroscience Research Australia; Universidade de Macau; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research; UNC School of Medicine; Technical University of Munich; Monash University; Deakin University; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Kodaira; University of Newcastle, Faculty of Health and Medicine; University of York; Saint Joseph's College of Maine; Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University; University of Aberdeen; University of Pittsburgh; University of Washington, Seattle; Universidade Federal de Pelotas; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Stanford University; King's College London; Istituto Superiore Di Sanita; Singapore Institute of Mental Health; Australian National University; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main; Centre universitaire de santé McGill; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; University of Auckland; Nanyang Technological University; Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf und Medizinische Fakultät; Panepistimion Ioanninon; Chinese University of Hong Kong; Harvard Medical School; School of Medical Sciences - Universiti Sains Malaysia; McGill University; Tan Tock Seng Hospital; Baylor College of Medicine; University of Calgary; Amsterdam UMC - University of Amsterdam; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Private Practice for Psychotherapy and Psycho-oncology; STAR-Stress; National Institute of Science and Technology; Allina Health
    © 2019 S. Karger AG, Basel. All rights reserved. Background: Screening for major depression with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) can be done using a cutoff or the PHQ-9 diagnostic algorithm. Many primary studies publish results for only one approach, and previous meta-analyses of the algorithm approach included only a subset of primary studies that collected data and could have published results. Objective: To use an individual participant data meta-analysis to evaluate the accuracy of two PHQ-9 diagnostic algorithms for detecting major depression and compare accuracy between the algorithms and the standard PHQ-9 cutoff score of ≥10. Methods: Medline, Medline In-Process and Other Non-Indexed Citations, PsycINFO, Web of Science (January 1, 2000, to February 7, 2015). Eligible studies that classified current major depression status using a validated diagnostic interview. Results: Data were included for 54 of 72 identified eligible studies (n participants = 16,688, n cases = 2,091). Among studies that used a semi-structured interview, pooled sensitivity and specificity (95% confidence interval) were 0.57 (0.49, 0.64) and 0.95 (0.94, 0.97) for the original algorithm and 0.61 (0.54, 0.68) and 0.95 (0.93, 0.96) for a modified algorithm. Algorithm sensitivity was 0.22-0.24 lower compared to fully structured interviews and 0.06-0.07 lower compared to the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Specificity was similar across reference standards. For PHQ-9 cutoff of ≥10 compared to semi-structured interviews, sensitivity and specificity (95% confidence interval) were 0.88 (0.82-0.92) and 0.86 (0.82-0.88). Conclusions: The cutoff score approach appears to be a better option than a PHQ-9 algorithm for detecting major depression.
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    Artificial intelligence to detect papilledema from ocular fundus photographs
    (2020-04-30) Dan Milea; Raymond P. Najjar; Jiang Zhubo; Daniel Ting; Caroline Vasseneix; Xinxing Xu; Masoud Aghsaei Fard; Pedro Fonseca; Kavin Vanikieti; Wolf A. Lagrèze; Chiara La Morgia; Carol Y. Cheung; Steffen Hamann; Christophe Chiquet; Nicolae Sanda; Hui Yang; Luis J. Mejico; Marie Bénédicte Rougier; Richard Kho; Tran Thi Ha Chau; Shweta Singhal; Philippe Gohier; Catherine Clermont-Vignal; Ching Yu Cheng; Jost B. Jonas; Patrick Yu-Wai-Man; Clare L. Fraser; John J. Chen; Selvakumar Ambika; Neil R. Miller; Yong Liu; Nancy J. Newman; Tien Y. Wong; Valérie Biousse; Farabi Eye Hospital; John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair; Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna; Universite Grenoble Alpes; Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore; Fondation Adolphe de Rothschild; University of Cambridge; Københavns Universitet; Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; Medical Research Foundation, Chennai; Universität Freiburg im Breisgau; Singapore Eye Research Institute; Universite Catholique de Lille; Sun Yat-Sen University; Universidade de Coimbra; Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra; State University of New York Upstate Medical University; Universität Heidelberg; Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University; Save Sight Institute; Hôpitaux universitaires de Genève; CHU Angers; Singapore National Eye Centre; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble; Mayo Clinic; A-Star, Institute of High Performance Computing; Groupe Hospitalier Pellegrin; Chinese University of Hong Kong; Emory University School of Medicine; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; American Eye Center
    Copyright © 2020 Massachusetts Medical Society. BACKGROUND Nonophthalmologist physicians do not confidently perform direct ophthalmoscopy. The use of artificial intelligence to detect papilledema and other optic-disk abnormalities from fundus photographs has not been well studied. METHODS We trained, validated, and externally tested a deep-learning system to classify optic disks as being normal or having papilledema or other abnormalities from 15,846 retrospectively collected ocular fundus photographs that had been obtained with pharmacologic pupillary dilation and various digital cameras in persons from multiple ethnic populations. Of these photographs, 14,341 from 19 sites in 11 countries were used for training and validation, and 1505 photographs from 5 other sites were used for external testing. Performance at classifying the optic-disk appearance was evaluated by calculating the area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity, as compared with a reference standard of clinical diagnoses by neuro-ophthalmologists. RESULTS The training and validation data sets from 6779 patients included 14,341 photographs: 9156 of normal disks, 2148 of disks with papilledema, and 3037 of disks with other abnormalities. The percentage classified as being normal ranged across sites from 9.8 to 100%; the percentage classified as having papilledema ranged across sites from zero to 59.5%. In the validation set, the system discriminated disks with papilledema from normal disks and disks with nonpapilledema abnormalities with an AUC of 0.99 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.98 to 0.99) and normal from abnormal disks with an AUC of 0.99 (95% CI, 0.99 to 0.99). In the external-testing data set of 1505 photographs, the system had an AUC for the detection of papilledema of 0.96 (95% CI, 0.95 to 0.97), a sensitivity of 96.4% (95% CI, 93.9 to 98.3), and a specificity of 84.7% (95% CI, 82.3 to 87.1). CONCLUSIONS A deep-learning system using fundus photographs with pharmacologically dilated pupils differentiated among optic disks with papilledema, normal disks, and disks with nonpapilledema abnormalities.
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    The Asia Cornea Society Infectious Keratitis Study: A Prospective Multicenter Study of Infectious Keratitis in Asia
    (2018-11-01) Wei Boon Khor; Venkatesh N. Prajna; Prashant Garg; Jodhbir S. Mehta; Lixin Xie; Zuguo Liu; Ma Dominga B. Padilla; Choun Ki Joo; Yoshitsugu Inoue; Panida Goseyarakwong; Fung Rong Hu; Kohji Nishida; Shigeru Kinoshita; Vilavun Puangsricharern; Ai Ling Tan; Roger Beuerman; Alvin Young; Namrata Sharma; Benjamin Haaland; Francis S. Mah; Elmer Y. Tu; Fiona J. Stapleton; Richard L. Abbott; Donald Tiang Hwee Tan; Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore; Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences; National Taiwan University Hospital; University of the Philippines Manila; St. Luke's Medical Center Quezon City; Aravind Eye Care System; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; University of New South Wales (UNSW) Australia; Chulalongkorn University; University of Illinois at Chicago; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; Prince of Wales Hospital Hong Kong; Singapore Eye Research Institute; University of California, San Francisco; L.V. Prasad Eye Institute India; Singapore General Hospital; Osaka University Faculty of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University; Tottori University; Singapore National Eye Centre; Scripps Clinic; The Catholic University of Korea; Xiemen Eye Center; SHANDONG EYE INSTITUTE
    © 2018 Elsevier Inc. Purpose: To survey the demographics, risk factors, microbiology, and outcomes for infectious keratitis in Asia. Design: Prospective, nonrandomized clinical study. Methods: Thirteen study centers and 30 sub-centers recruited consecutive subjects over 12-18 months, and performed standardized data collection. A microbiological protocol standardized the processing and reporting of all isolates. Treatment of the infectious keratitis was decided by the managing ophthalmologist. Subjects were observed for up to 6 months. Main outcome measures were final visual acuity and the need for surgery during infection. Results: A total of 6626 eyes of 6563 subjects were studied. The majority of subjects were male (n = 3992). Trauma (n = 2279, 34.7%) and contact lens wear (n = 704, 10.7%) were the commonest risk factors. Overall, bacterial keratitis was diagnosed in 2521 eyes (38.0%) and fungal keratitis in 2166 eyes (32.7%). Of the 2831 microorganisms isolated, the most common were Fusarium species (n = 518, 18.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 302, 10.7%), and Aspergillus flavus (n = 236, 8.3%). Cornea transplantation was performed in 628 eyes to manage ongoing infection, but 289 grafts (46%) had failed by the end of the study. Moderate visual impairment (Snellen vision less than 20/60) was documented in 3478 eyes (53.6%). Conclusion: Demographic and risk factors for infection vary by country, but infections occur predominantly in male subjects and are frequently related to trauma. Overall, a similar percentage of bacterial and fungal infections were diagnosed in this study. Visual recovery after infectious keratitis is guarded, and corneal transplantation for active infection is associated with a high failure rate.
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    Clinical Recommendations for the Use of Donepezil 23 mg in Moderate-to-Severe Alzheimer's Disease in the Asia-Pacific Region
    (2016-09-09) Marwan Sabbagh; Seolheui Han; Sangyun Kim; Hae Ri Na; Jae Hong Lee; Nagaendran Kandiah; Kammant Phanthumchinda; Chuthamanee Suthisisang; Vorapun Senanarong; Ming Chyi Pai; Diatri Narilastri; Ajit M. Sowani; Encarnita Ampil; Amitabh Dash; Barrow Neurological Institute; Konkuk University; Seoul National University Bundang Hospital; Seoul National University College of Medicine; Bobath Memorial Hospital; University of Ulsan, College of Medicine; Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore; Chulalongkorn University; Mahidol University; National Cheng Kung University; University of Indonesia, RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo; SAL Hospital and Medical Institute; University of Santo Tomas Hospital; Eisai Pharmaceuticals India Pvt. Ltd.
    © 2016 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Basel. Background: The 'Asia-Pacific Expert Panel (APEX) for donepezil 23 mg' met in November 2015 to review evidence for the recently approved high dose of donepezil and to provide recommendations to help physicians in Asia make informed clinical decisions about using donepezil 23 mg in patients with moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease (AD). Summary: In a global phase III study (study 326) in patients with moderate-to-severe AD, donepezil 23 mg/day demonstrated significantly greater cognitive benefits versus donepezil 10 mg/day, with a between-treatment difference in mean change in the Severe Impairment Battery score of 2.2 points (p < 0.001) in the overall population and 3.1 points (p < 0.001) in patients with advanced AD. A subanalysis of study 326 demonstrated that the benefits and risks associated with donepezil 23 mg/day versus donepezil 10 mg/day in Asian patients with moderate-to-severe AD were comparable to those in the global study population. Key Message: Donepezil 23 mg is a valuable treatment for patients with AD, particularly those with advanced disease. The APEX emphasized the importance of patient selection (AD severity, tolerability of lower doses of donepezil, and absence of contraindications), a stepwise titration strategy for dose escalation, and appropriate monitoring and counseling of patients and caregivers in the management of patients with AD.
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    Consensus and contentious statements on the use of probiotics in clinical practice: A south east Asian gastro-neuro motility association working team report
    (2018-10-01) Kok Ann Gwee; Warren Wei Rhen Lee; Khoon Lin Ling; Choon Jin Ooi; Seng Hock Quak; Yock Young Dan; Kewin Tien Ho Siah; James Guoxian Huang; Andrew Seng Boon Chua; Ida Normiha Hilmi; Raja Affendi Raja Ali; Christina Ong; Marcellus Simadibrata; Murdani Abdullah; Jose D. Sollano; Somchai Leelakusolvong; Sutep Gonlachanvit; Yeong Yeh Lee; Jane D. Ricaforte-Campos; Yee Kian Yin; Kuck Meng Chong; Chong Yuen Wong; De La Salle Health Sciences Institute; National University Health System; Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore; University of Santo Tomas Hospital; University of Indonesia, RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo; University of Malaya; Chulalongkorn University; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; KK Women's And Children's Hospital; Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University; Gleneagles Hospital; School of Medical Sciences - Universiti Sains Malaysia; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; Klinik Pakar Y&C; Klnic Chong; KK Hospital; Ipoh Gastro Centre; Fatimah Hospital; General Hospital
    © 2018 Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Foundation and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd The concept of consuming microorganisms in the treatment of a medical condition and in health maintenance has gained much attraction, giving rise to an abundance of medical claims and of health supplements. This study identified relevant clinical questions on the therapeutic use of probiotics and reviewed the literature in irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, impaired intestinal immunity, liver disease, intestinal infections, and common childhood digestive disorders. Statements were developed to address these clinical questions. A panel of experienced clinicians was tasked to critically evaluate and debate the available data. Both consensus and contentious statements are presented to provide to clinicians a perspective on the potential of probiotics and importantly their limitations.
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    Differences between pulmonary and extrapulmonary pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome: A multicenter analysis
    (2018-01-01) Chin Seng Gan; Judith Ju Ming Wong; Rujipat Samransamruajkit; Soo Lin Chuah; Yek Kee Chor; Suyun Qian; Nattachai Anantasit; Xu Feng; Jacqueline Soo May Ong; Phan Huu Phuc; Suwannee Phumeetham; Rehena Sultana; Tsee Foong Loh; Lucy Chai See Lum; Jan Hau Lee; Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore; Beijing Children's Hospital; National University Hospital, Singapore; Chongqing Medical University; KK Women's And Children's Hospital; University of Malaya Medical Centre; Mahidol University; Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University; Sarawak General Hospital; King Chul-alongkorn Memorial Hospital; National Children's Hospital
    Copyright © 2018 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies. Objectives: Extrapulmonary pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome and pulmonary pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome are poorly described in the literature. We aimed to describe and compare the epidemiology, risk factors for mortality, and outcomes in extrapulmonary pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome and pulmonary pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome. Design: This is a secondary analysis of a multicenter, retrospective, cohort study. Data on epidemiology, ventilation, therapies, and outcomes were collected and analyzed. Patients were classified into two mutually exclusive groups (extrapulmonary pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome and pulmonary pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome) based on etiologies. Primary outcome was PICU mortality. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to identify risk factors for mortality. Setting: Ten multidisciplinary PICUs in Asia. Patients: Mechanically ventilated children meeting the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference criteria for pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome between 2009 and 2015. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: Forty-one of 307 patients (13.4%) and 266 of 307 patients (86.6%) were classified into extrapulmonary pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome and pulmonary pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome groups, respectively. The most common causes for extrapulmonary pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome and pulmonary pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome were sepsis (82.9%) and pneumonia (91.7%), respectively. Children with extrapulmonary pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome were older, had higher admission severity scores, and had a greater proportion of organ dysfunction compared with pulmonary pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome group. Patients in the extrapulmonary pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome group had higher mortality (48.8% vs 24.8%; p = 0.002) and reduced ventilator-free days (median 2.0 d [interquartile range 0.0-18.0 d] vs 19.0 d [0.5-24.0 d]; p = 0.001) compared with the pulmonary pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome group. After adjusting for site, severity of illness, comorbidities, multiple organ dysfunction, and severity of acute respiratory distress syndrome, extrapulmonary pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome etiology was not associated with mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.56 [95% CI, 0.90-2.71]). Conclusions: Patients with extrapulmonary pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome were sicker and had poorer clinical outcomes. However, after adjusting for confounders, it was not an independent risk factor for mortality.
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    Effects of diabetes definition on global surveillance of diabetes prevalence and diagnosis: A pooled analysis of 96 population-based studies with 331 288 participants
    (2015-08-01) Goodarz Danaei; Saman Fahimi; Yuan Lu; Bin Zhou; Kaveh Hajifathalian; Mariachiara Di Cesare; Wei Cheng Lo; Barbara Reis-Santos; Melanie J. Cowan; Jonathan E. Shaw; James Bentham; John K. Lin; Honor Bixby; Dianna Magliano; Pascal Bovet; J. Jaime Miranda; Young Ho Khang; Gretchen A. Stevens; Leanne M. Riley; Mohammed K. Ali; Majid Ezzati; Khalid Abdul Kadir; Niveen M. Abu-Rmeileh; Benjamin Acosta-Cazares; Wichai Aekplakorn; Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas; Alireza Ahmadvand; Mohannad Al Nsour; Ala'a Alkerwi; Philippe Amouyel; Lars Bo Andersen; Sigmund A. Anderssen; Dolores S. Andrade; Ranjit Mohan Anjana; Hajer Aounallah-Skhiri; Tahir Aris; Nimmathota Arlappa; Dominique Arveiler; Felix K. Assah; Mária Avdicová; Nagalla Balakrishna; Piotr Bandosz; Carlo M. Barbagallo; Alberto Barceló; Anwar M. Batieha; Louise A. Baur; Habiba Ben Romdhane; Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz; Santosh K. Bhargava; Yufang Bi; Peter Bjerregaard; Cecilia Björkelund; Margaret Blake; Anneke Blokstra; Simona Bo; Bernhard O. Boehm; Carlos P. Boissonnet; Imperia Brajkovich; Juergen Breckenkamp; Lizzy M. Brewster; Garry R. Brian; Graziella Bruno; Anna Bugge; Antonio Cabrera de León; Gunay Can; Ana Paula C. Cândido; Vincenzo Capuano; Maria J. Carvalho; Felipe F. Casanueva; Carmelo A. Caserta; Katia Castetbon; Snehalatha Chamukuttan; Nishi Chaturvedi; Chien Jen Chen; Fangfang Chen; Shuohua Chen; Ching Yu Cheng; Angela Chetrit; Shu Ti Chiou; Yumi Cho; Jerzy Chudek; Renata Cifkova; Frank Claessens; Hans Concin; Cyrus Cooper; Rachel Cooper; Simona Costanzo; Dominique Cottel; Chris Cowell; Ana B. Crujeiras; Graziella D'Arrigo; Jean Dallongeville; Rachel Dankner; Luc Dauchet; Giovanni de Gaetano; Stefaan de Henauw; Mohan Deepa; Abbas Dehghan; Harvard School of Public Health; Imperial College London; National Taiwan University; Universidade Federal de Pelotas; Organisation Mondiale de la Sante; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute; University of California, San Francisco; Universitat Lausanne Schweiz; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; Seoul National University; Emory University; Monash University Malaysia; Birzeit University; Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; Mahidol University; Instituto Nacional de la Nutricion Salvador Zubiran; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network; Luxembourg Institute of Health; University of Lille; Syddansk Universitet; Norges idrettshogskole; University of Cuenca; Madras Diabetes Research Foundation; National Institute of Public Health; Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia; Indian Council of Medical Research; Strasbourg University and Hospital; Health of Population in Transition Research Group (HoPiT); Regional Authority of Public Health; Gdanski Uniwersytet Medyczny; Universita degli Studi di Palermo; Pan American Health Organization; Jordan University of Science and Technology; The University of Sydney; University of Tunis El Manar; Sunder Lal Jain Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Goteborgs Universitet; NatCen Social Research; National Institute of Public Health and the Environment; Universita degli Studi di Torino; Nanyang Technological University; Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas; Universidad Central de Venezuela; Universitat Bielefeld; University of Amsterdam; Fred Hollows Foundation, New Zealand; Canarian Health Service; Istanbul Universitesi; Reparto di Cardiologia ed UTIC di Mercato S.; Universidade do Porto; Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; Associazione Calabrese di Epatologia; French Institute for Health Surveillance; India Diabetes Research Foundation; UCL; Academia Sinica Taiwan; Capital Institute of Pediatrics; Kailuan General Hospital; Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore; The Gertner Institute; Ministry of Health and Welfare; Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention; Slaski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Katowicach; Charles University; KU Leuven; Agency for Preventive; University of Southampton; IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed; Institut Pasteur Lille; CIBERobn; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Lille; Universiteit Gent; Erasmus University Medical Center; Ministry of Health Seychelles; University of Greenland
    © 2015 NCD Risk Factor Collaboration. Background: Diabetes has been defined on the basis of different biomarkers, including fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h plasma glucose in an oral glucose tolerance test (2hOGTT), and HbA1c. We assessed the effect of different diagnostic definitions on both the population prevalence of diabetes and the classification of previously undiagnosed individuals as having diabetes versus not having diabetes in a pooled analysis of data from population-based health examination surveys in different regions. Methods: We used data from 96 population-based health examination surveys that had measured at least two of the biomarkers used for defining diabetes. Diabetes was defined using HbA1c (HbA1c ≥6·5% or history of diabetes diagnosis or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs) compared with either FPG only or FPG-or-2hOGTT definitions (FPG ≥7·0 mmol/L or 2hOGTT ≥11·1 mmol/L or history of diabetes or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs). We calculated diabetes prevalence, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights. We compared the prevalences of diabetes using different definitions graphically and by regression analyses. We calculated sensitivity and specificity of diabetes diagnosis based on HbA1c compared with diagnosis based on glucose among previously undiagnosed individuals (ie, excluding those with history of diabetes or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs). We calculated sensitivity and specificity in each survey, and then pooled results using a random-effects model. We assessed the sources of heterogeneity of sensitivity by meta-regressions for study characteristics selected a priori. Findings: Population prevalence of diabetes based on FPG-or-2hOGTT was correlated with prevalence based on FPG alone (r=0·98), but was higher by 2-6 percentage points at different prevalence levels. Prevalence based on HbA1c was lower than prevalence based on FPG in 42·8% of age-sex-survey groups and higher in another 41·6%; in the other 15·6%, the two definitions provided similar prevalence estimates. The variation across studies in the relation between glucose-based and HbA1c-based prevalences was partly related to participants' age, followed by natural logarithm of per person gross domestic product, the year of survey, mean BMI, and whether the survey population was national, subnational, or from specific communities. Diabetes defined as HbA1c 6·5% or more had a pooled sensitivity of 52·8% (95% CI 51·3-54·3%) and a pooled specificity of 99·74% (99·71-99·78%) compared with FPG 7·0 mmol/L or more for diagnosing previously undiagnosed participants; sensitivity compared with diabetes defined based on FPG-or-2hOGTT was 30·5% (28·7-32·3%). None of the preselected study-level characteristics explained the heterogeneity in the sensitivity of HbA1c versus FPG. Interpretation: Different biomarkers and definitions for diabetes can provide different estimates of population prevalence of diabetes, and differentially identify people without previous diagnosis as having diabetes. Using an HbA1c-based definition alone in health surveys will not identify a substantial proportion of previously undiagnosed people who would be considered as having diabetes using a glucose-based test.
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    Equivalency of the diagnostic accuracy of the PHQ-8 and PHQ-9: A systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis
    (2020-06-01) Yin Wu; Yin Wu; Yin Wu; Brooke Levis; Kira E. Riehm; Nazanin Saadat; Alexander W. Levis; Marleine Azar; Danielle B. Rice; Danielle B. Rice; Jill Boruff; Pim Cuijpers; Simon Gilbody; John P.A. Ioannidis; Lorie A. Kloda; Dean McMillan; Scott B. Patten; Scott B. Patten; Ian Shrier; Ian Shrier; Roy C. Ziegelstein; Dickens H. Akena; Bruce Arroll; Liat Ayalon; Hamid R. Baradaran; Hamid R. Baradaran; Murray Baron; Murray Baron; Charles H. Bombardier; Peter Butterworth; Peter Butterworth; Gregory Carter; Marcos H. Chagas; Juliana C.N. Chan; Juliana C.N. Chan; Juliana C.N. Chan; Rushina Cholera; Yeates Conwell; Janneke M. De Man-Van Ginkel; Jesse R. Fann; Felix H. Fischer; Daniel Fung; Daniel Fung; Daniel Fung; Daniel Fung; Bizu Gelaye; Felicity Goodyear-Smith; Catherine G. Greeno; Brian J. Hall; Brian J. Hall; Patricia A. Harrison; Martin Härter; Ulrich Hegerl; Leanne Hides; Stevan E. Hobfoll; Marie Hudson; Marie Hudson; Thomas Hyphantis; Masatoshi Inagaki; Nathalie Jetté; Nathalie Jetté; Nathalie Jetté; Mohammad E. Khamseh; Kim M. Kiely; Kim M. Kiely; Yunxin Kwan; Femke Lamers; Shen Ing Liu; Shen Ing Liu; Shen Ing Liu; Shen Ing Liu; Manote Lotrakul; Sonia R. Loureiro; Bernd Löwe; Anthony McGuire; Sherina Mohd-Sidik; Tiago N. Munhoz; Kumiko Muramatsu; Flávia L. Osório; Flávia L. Osório; Vikram Patel; Vikram Patel; Brian W. Pence; Philippe Persoons; Philippe Persoons; Angelo Picardi; Katrin Reuter; Alasdair G. Rooney; Iná S. Santos; Juwita Shaaban; Abbey Sidebottom; Adam Simning; Lesley Stafford; Lesley Stafford; Sharon Sung; Sharon Sung; Pei Lin Lynnette Tan; Alyna Turner; Alyna Turner; Melbourne Institute; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences; Mackay Medical College; Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore; City of Minneapolis; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Australia; Niigata Seiryo University; Makerere University; Concordia University; University Medical Center Utrecht; Royal Women's Hospital, Carlton; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; KU Leuven– University Hospital Leuven; The University of Queensland; Mackay Memorial Hospital Taiwan; University of New South Wales (UNSW) Australia; The University of Edinburgh; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; Shimane University; Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Universiti Putra Malaysia; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; KU Leuven; Iran University of Medical Sciences; Universitäts Klinikum Freiburg und Medizinische Fakultät; Prince of Wales Hospital Hong Kong; University of Rochester Medical Center; Neuroscience Research Australia; Universidade de Macau; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research; UNC School of Medicine; Deakin University; University of Newcastle, Faculty of Health and Medicine; University of York; Saint Joseph's College of Maine; Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University; University of Pittsburgh; University of Washington, Seattle; Universidade Federal de Pelotas; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Stanford University; University of Aberdeen School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition; Istituto Superiore Di Sanita; Singapore Institute of Mental Health; The Australian National University; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Universidade de Sao Paulo - USP; Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main; University of Auckland; Nanyang Technological University; Johns Hopkins University; Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf und Medizinische Fakultät; Panepistimion Ioanninon; Chinese University of Hong Kong; Bar-Ilan University; Harvard Medical School; School of Medical Sciences - Universiti Sains Malaysia; McGill University; Tan Tock Seng Hospital; University of Calgary; STAR-Stress; National Institute of Science and Technology; Allina Health
    Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019. Item 9 of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) queries about thoughts of death and self-harm, but not suicidality. Although it is sometimes used to assess suicide risk, most positive responses are not associated with suicidality. The PHQ-8, which omits Item 9, is thus increasingly used in research. We assessed equivalency of total score correlations and the diagnostic accuracy to detect major depression of the PHQ-8 and PHQ-9.Methods We conducted an individual patient data meta-analysis. We fit bivariate random-effects models to assess diagnostic accuracy.Results 16 742 participants (2097 major depression cases) from 54 studies were included. The correlation between PHQ-8 and PHQ-9 scores was 0.996 (95% confidence interval 0.996 to 0.996). The standard cutoff score of 10 for the PHQ-9 maximized sensitivity + specificity for the PHQ-8 among studies that used a semi-structured diagnostic interview reference standard (N = 27). At cutoff 10, the PHQ-8 was less sensitive by 0.02 (-0.06 to 0.00) and more specific by 0.01 (0.00 to 0.01) among those studies (N = 27), with similar results for studies that used other types of interviews (N = 27). For all 54 primary studies combined, across all cutoffs, the PHQ-8 was less sensitive than the PHQ-9 by 0.00 to 0.05 (0.03 at cutoff 10), and specificity was within 0.01 for all cutoffs (0.00 to 0.01).Conclusions PHQ-8 and PHQ-9 total scores were similar. Sensitivity may be minimally reduced with the PHQ-8, but specificity is similar.
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    Erratum to Correction: Dengue Research Funded by the European Commission-Scientific Strategies of Three European Dengue Research Consortia (The PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases Staff)
    (2014-04-01) Thomas Jaenisch; Anavaj Sakuntabhai; Annelies Wilder-Smith; Thomas Jaenisch; Thomas Junghanss; Kerstin Rosenberger; Jaswinder Kaur; Simon Hay; Janey Messina; Adrian Hill; Bridget Wills; Cameron Simmons; Marcel Wolbers; Jeremy Farrar; Phil McCall; Antonio Lanzavecchia; Federica Sallusto; Axel Kroeger; Silvia Runge-Ranzinger; Lucy Lum; Ida Safitri; Varun Kumar; Maria Guzman; Gabriela Maron; Ernesto Pleitess; Andrea Caprara; Bruno Benevides; Willy Wint; Osman Sankoh; Fleur Monasso; Adriana Tami; Ernesto T.A. Marques; Fernando A. Bozza; Anavaj Sakuntabhai; Richard Paul; Felix Rey; Anna Bella Failloux; Marco Vignuzzi; Louis Lambrechts; Gavin Screaton; Juthathip Mongkolsapaya; Michael Schreiber; Rolf Horstmann; Pattamaporn Kittayapong; Pratap Singhasivanon; Sutee Yoksan; Philippe Buchy; Vincent Deubel; Xavier Rodo; Eric Daude; Alain Vaguet; Bernard Cazelles; Nico Stollenwerk; Luısa Pereira; Timo Kanninen; Guido Krupp; Mark Thursz; Marıa G. Guzman; Annelies Wilder-Smith; Joacim Rocklov; Peter Byass; Paba Palihawadana; Hasitha Tissera; David Brooks; Sazaly Abu Bakar; Luke Alphey; Pattamaporn Kittayapong; Steve Lindsay; James Logan; Christoph Hatz; Andreas Neumayr; Paul Reiter; Yesim Tozan; Valerie R. Louis; Duane Gubler; Eduardo Massad; Antonio Tenorio; Christophe Lagneau; Gregory L’Ambert; Universitatsklinikum Heidelberg; Institut Pasteur, Paris; Umea Universitet; University of Oxford; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine; Istituto di Ricerca in Biomedicina, Bellinzona; University of Malaya Medical Centre; Gadja Madah University; Angkor Hospital for Children; Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kouri; Hospital National de Ninos Benjamin Bloom; Universidade Estadual do Ceara; University of New Hampshire Durham; INDEPTH Network; Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre; Universidad de Carabobo; Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz; Imperial College London; Bernard Nocht Institute; Mahidol University; Institut Pasteur Cambodia; ICREA and Institut Català de Ciències del Clima; Universite de Rouen Normandie; CNRS Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Universidade de Lisboa; Universidade do Porto; BIOCOMPUTING PLATFORMS LTD OY; Amptec Gmbh; Riotech Pharmaceticals Ltd; Ministry of Health Colombo; TwistDx Limited; University of Malaya; Oxitec Ltd; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute; Universitat Heidelberg; Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore; Universidade de Sao Paulo - USP; Instituto de Salud Carlos III
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    Genetic association study of exfoliation syndrome identifies a protective rare variant at LOXL1 and five new susceptibility loci
    (2017-07-01) Tin Aung; Mineo Ozaki; Mei Chin Lee; Ursula Schlötzer-Schrehardt; Gudmar Thorleifsson; Takanori Mizoguchi; Robert P. Igo; Aravind Haripriya; Susan E. Williams; Yury S. Astakhov; Andrew C. Orr; Kathryn P. Burdon; Satoko Nakano; Kazuhiko Mori; Khaled Abu-Amero; Michael Hauser; Zheng Li; Gopalakrishnan Prakadeeswari; Jessica N.Cooke Bailey; Alina Popa Cherecheanu; Jae H. Kang; Sarah Nelson; Ken Hayashi; Shin Ichi Manabe; Shigeyasu Kazama; Tomasz Zarnowski; Kenji Inoue; Murat Irkec; Miguel Coca-Prados; Kazuhisa Sugiyama; Irma Järvelä; Patricio Schlottmann; S. Fabian Lerner; Hasnaa Lamari; Yildirim Nilgün; Mukharram Bikbov; Ki Ho Park; Soon Cheol Cha; Kenji Yamashiro; Juan C. Zenteno; Jost B. Jonas; Rajesh S. Kumar; Shamira A. Perera; Anita S.Y. Chan; Nino Kobakhidze; Ronnie George; Lingam Vijaya; Tan Do; Deepak P. Edward; Lourdes De Juan Marcos; Mohammad Pakravan; Sasan Moghimi; Ryuichi Ideta; Daniella Bach-Holm; Per Kappelgaard; Barbara Wirostko; Samuel Thomas; Daniel Gaston; Karen Bedard; Wenda L. Greer; Zhenglin Yang; Xueyi Chen; Lulin Huang; Jinghong Sang; Hongyan Jia; Liyun Jia; Chunyan Qiao; Hui Zhang; Xuyang Liu; Bowen Zhao; Ya Xing Wang; Liang Xu; Stéphanie Leruez; Pascal Reynier; George Chichua; Sergo Tabagari; Singapore Eye Research Institute; Singapore National Eye Centre; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; Ozaki Eye Hospital; University of Miyazaki; Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore; Universitätsklinik Erlangen und Medizinische Fakultät; deCODE genetics; Mizoguchi Eye Clinic; Case Western Reserve University; Aravind Eye Hospital; University of Witwatersrand; Pavlov University; Dalhousie University; Flinders University; University of Tasmania; Oita University; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; King Saud University Medical College; University of Florida; Duke University Eye Center; Duke University Medical Center; A-Star, Genome Institute of Singapore; Aravind Medical Research Foundation; Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie Carol Davila din Bucuresti; University Emergency Hospital; Brigham and Women's Hospital; University of Washington, Seattle; Hayashi Eye Hospital; Shinjo Eye Clinic; Medical University of Lublin; Inoue Eye Hospital; Hacettepe Üniversitesi; Universidad de Oviedo; Fernández-Vega Ophthalmological Institute; Yale University School of Medicine; Kanazawa University School of Medicine; Helsingin Yliopisto; Organización Médica de Investigación; Fundación para el estudio del Glaucoma; Clinique Spécialisée en Ophtalmologie Mohammedia; Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi; Ufa Eye Research Institute; Seoul National University Hospital; Yeungnam University, College of Medicine; Kyoto University; Otsu Red Cross Hospital; Instituto de Oftalmología Fundación Conde de Valenciana; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Universität Heidelberg; Beijing Tongren Hospital; Narayana Nethralaya Eye Hospital; Chichua Medical Center Mzera, LLC; Medical Research Foundation, Chennai; Vietnam National Institute of Ophthalmology; King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital; University of Illinois Eye Center; Hospital Universitario de Salamanca; Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL); SBUMS Ophthalmic Research Center; University of Tehran; Ideta Eye Hospital; Rigshospitalet; University of Utah Health; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Xinjiang Medical University; Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Jinan University; CHU Angers; Tbilisi State Medical University; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Medizinische Universität Graz; Universität Tübingen; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Narayana Nethralaya Foundation; Santa Lucia Eye Hospital from Buenos Aires; Vision Research Foundation India; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
    © 2017 Nature America, Inc., part of Springer Nature. All rights reserved. Exfoliation syndrome (XFS) is the most common known risk factor for secondary glaucoma and a major cause of blindness worldwide. Variants in two genes, LOXL1 and CACNA1A, have previously been associated with XFS. To further elucidate the genetic basis of XFS, we collected a global sample of XFS cases to refine the association at LOXL1, which previously showed inconsistent results across populations, and to identify new variants associated with XFS. We identified a rare protective allele at LOXL1 (p.Phe407, odds ratio (OR) = 25, P = 2.9 × 10-14) through deep resequencing of XFS cases and controls from nine countries. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of XFS cases and controls from 24 countries followed by replication in 18 countries identified seven genome-wide significant loci (P < 5 × 10-8). We identified association signals at 13q12 (POMP), 11q23.3 (TMEM136), 6p21 (AGPAT1), 3p24 (RBMS3) and 5q23 (near SEMA6A). These findings provide biological insights into the pathology of XFS and highlight a potential role for naturally occurring rare LOXL1 variants in disease biology.
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    Genome-wide association study identifies five new susceptibility loci for primary angle closure glaucoma
    (2016-05-01) Chiea Chuen Khor; Tan Do; Hongyan Jia; Masakazu Nakano; Ronnie George; Khaled Abu-Amero; Roopam Duvesh; Li Jia Chen; Zheng Li; Monisha E. Nongpiur; Shamira A. Perera; Chunyan Qiao; Hon Tym Wong; Hiroshi Sakai; Mônica Barbosa De Melo; Mei Chin Lee; Anita SChan; Yaakub Azhany; Thi Lam Huong Dao; Yoko Ikeda; Rodolfo A. Perez-Grossmann; Tomasz Zarnowski; Alexander C. Day; Jost B. Jonas; Pancy O.S. Tam; Tuan Anh Tran; Humaira Ayub; Farah Akhtar; Shazia Micheal; Paul T.K. Chew; Leyla A. Aljasim; Tanuj Dada; Tam Thi Luu; Mona S. Awadalla; Naris Kitnarong; Boonsong Wanichwecharungruang; Yee Yee Aung; Jelinar Mohamed-Noor; Saravanan Vijayan; Sripriya Sarangapani; Rahat Husain; Aliza Jap; Mani Baskaran; David Goh; Daniel H. Su; Huaizhou Wang; Vernon K. Yong; Leonard W. Yip; Tuyet Bach Trinh; Manchima Makornwattana; Thanh Thu Nguyen; Edgar U. Leuenberger; Ki Ho Park; Widya Artini Wiyogo; Rajesh SKumar; Celso Tello; Yasuo Kurimoto; Suman S. Thapa; Kessara Pathanapitoon; John F. Salmon; Yong Ho Sohn; Antonio Fea; Mineo Ozaki; Jimmy S.M. Lai; Visanee Tantisevi; Chaw Chaw Khaing; Takanori Mizoguchi; Satoko Nakano; Chan Yun Kim; Guangxian Tang; Sujie Fan; Renyi Wu; Hailin Meng; Thi Thuy Giang Nguyen; Tien Dat Tran; Morio Ueno; Jose Maria Martinez; Norlina Ramli; Yin Mon Aung; Rigo Daniel Reyes; Stephen A. Vernon; Seng Kheong Fang; Zhicheng Xie; Xiao Yin Chen; Jia Nee Foo; A-Star, Genome Institute of Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore; National University of Singapore; Vietnam National Institute of Ophthalmology; Beijing Tongren Hospital; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Medical Research Foundation, Chennai; King Saud University Medical College; University of Florida; Aravind Medical Research Foundation; Chinese University of Hong Kong; Tan Tock Seng Hospital; University of the Ryukyus; Universidade Estadual de Campinas; School of Medical Sciences - Universiti Sains Malaysia; Instituto de Glaucoma y Catarata; Medical University of Lublin; Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; UCL Institute of Ophthalmology; Universität Heidelberg; Ho Chi Minh City Oncology Hospital; COMSATS Institute of Information Technology; Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; National University Health System; King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi; Da Nang Eye Hospital; Flinders University; Mahidol University; Rajavithi Hospital; Rangsit University; University of Medicine-Mandalay; Kuala Lumpur Hospital; Vision Research Foundation India; Changi General Hospital; Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University; Viet Tiep General Hospital; Asian Eye Institute; University of the East, Philippines; Seoul National University; Jakarta Eye Center; Universitas Indonesia; Narayana Nethralaya Eye Hospital; New York Eye and Ear Infirmary; Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital; Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology; Chiang Mai University; University of Oxford; Konyang University; Università degli Studi di Torino; Ozaki Eye Hospital; University of Miyazaki; The University of Hong Kong; Chulalongkorn University; No. 1 Defence Services General Hospital; Mizoguchi Eye Clinic; Oita University; Yonsei University; Shijiazhuang First Eye Hospital; Handan Eye Hospital; Xiamen University; Anyang Eye Hospital; Pasig City General Hospital; University of Malaya; Pun Hlaing Silom Hospital; Shwe La Min Hospital; Asian Hospital and Medical Center, Muntinlupa; Binan Doctors Hospital; Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust; BMI Park Hospital; International Specialist Eye Centre; Aravind Eye Hospital
    © 2016 Nature America, Inc. Primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) is a major cause of blindness worldwide. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) followed by replication in a combined total of 10,503 PACG cases and 29,567 controls drawn from 24 countries across Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America. We observed significant evidence of disease association at five new genetic loci upon meta-analysis of all patient collections. These loci are at EPDR1 rs3816415 (odds ratio (OR) = 1.24, P = 5.94 × 10 -5), CHAT rs1258267 (OR = 1.22, P = 2.85 × 10 -6), GLIS3 rs736893 (OR = 1.18, P = 1.43 × 10 -4), FERMT2 rs7494379 (OR = 1.14, P = 3.43 × 10 -1), and DPM2-FAM102A rs3739821 (OR = 1.15, P = 8.32 × 10 -2). We also confirmed significant association at three previously described loci (P < 5 × 10 â'8 for each sentinel SNP at PLEKHA7, COL11A1, and PCMTD1-ST18), providing new insights into the biology of PACG.
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    Global implementation of genomic medicine: We are not alone
    (2015-06-03) Teri A. Manolio; Marc Abramowicz; Fahd Al-Mulla; Warwick Anderson; Rudi Balling; Adam C. Berger; Steven Bleyl; Aravinda Chakravarti; Wasun Chantratita; Rex L. Chisholm; Vajira H.W. Dissanayake; Michael Dunn; Victor J. Dzau; Bok Ghee Han; Tim Hubbard; Anne Kolbe; Bruce Korf; Michiaki Kubo; Paul Lasko; Erkki Leego; Surakameth Mahasirimongkol; Partha P. Majumdar; Gert Matthijs; Howard L. McLeod; Andres Metspalu; Pierre Meulien; Satoru Miyano; Yaakov Naparstek; P. Pearl O'Rourke; George P. Patrinos; Heidi L. Rehm; Mary V. Relling; Gad Rennert; Laura Lyman Rodriguez; Dan M. Roden; Alan R. Shuldiner; Sukdeb Sinha; Patrick Tan; Mats Ulfendahl; Robyn Ward; Marc S. Williams; John E.L. Wong; Eric D. Green; Geofrey S. Ginsburg; National Human Genome Research Institute; Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB); University of Kuwait; Australian Government; University of Luxembourg; Institute of Medicine - Washington; Intermountain Healthcare; The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Mahidol University; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; University of Colombo Faculty of Medicine; Wellcome Trust; National Academy of Medicine; Korea National Institute of Health; King's College London; National Health Committee; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Riken; McGill University; University of Tartu; Thailand Ministry of Public Health; Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata; KU Leuven; Moffitt Cancer Center; Genome Canada; Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo; Hadassah University Medical Centre; Partners HealthCare; Panepistimion Patron; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital; Carmel Medical Center; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Ministry of Science And Technology, India; Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore; Swedish Research Council; University of Queensland; Geisinger Health System; National University of Singapore; Duke University; Genomics England
    © 2015, American Association for the Advancement of Science. All rights reserved. Around the world, innovative genomic-medicine programs capitalize on singular capabilities arising from local health care systems, cultural or political milieus, and unusual selected risk alleles or disease burdens. Such individual eforts might beneft from the sharing of approaches and lessons learned in other locales. The U.S. National Human Genome Research Institute and the National Academy of Medicine recently brought together 25 of these groups to compare projects, to examine the current state of implementation and desired near-term capabilities, and to identify opportunities for collaboration that promote the responsible practice of genomic medicine. Eforts to coalesce these groups around concrete but compelling signature projects should accelerate the responsible implementation of genomic medicine in eforts to improve clinical care worldwide.
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    Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (second edition)
    (2019-10-01) Andrea Cossarizza; Hyun Dong Chang; Andreas Radbruch; Andreas Acs; Dieter Adam; Sabine Adam-Klages; William W. Agace; Nima Aghaeepour; Mübeccel Akdis; Matthieu Allez; Larissa Nogueira Almeida; Giorgia Alvisi; Graham Anderson; Immanuel Andrä; Francesco Annunziato; Achille Anselmo; Petra Bacher; Cosima T. Baldari; Sudipto Bari; Vincenzo Barnaba; Joana Barros-Martins; Luca Battistini; Wolfgang Bauer; Sabine Baumgart; Nicole Baumgarth; Dirk Baumjohann; Bianka Baying; Mary Bebawy; Burkhard Becher; Wolfgang Beisker; Vladimir Benes; Rudi Beyaert; Alfonso Blanco; Dominic A. Boardman; Christian Bogdan; Jessica G. Borger; Giovanna Borsellino; Philip E. Boulais; Jolene A. Bradford; Dirk Brenner; Ryan R. Brinkman; Anna E.S. Brooks; Dirk H. Busch; Martin Büscher; Timothy P. Bushnell; Federica Calzetti; Garth Cameron; Ilenia Cammarata; Xuetao Cao; Susanna L. Cardell; Stefano Casola; Marco A. Cassatella; Andrea Cavani; Antonio Celada; Lucienne Chatenoud; Pratip K. Chattopadhyay; Sue Chow; Eleni Christakou; Luka Čičin-Šain; Mario Clerici; Federico S. Colombo; Laura Cook; Anne Cooke; Andrea M. Cooper; Alexandra J. Corbett; Antonio Cosma; Lorenzo Cosmi; Pierre G. Coulie; Ana Cumano; Ljiljana Cvetkovic; Van Duc Dang; Chantip Dang-Heine; Martin S. Davey; Derek Davies; Sara De Biasi; Genny Del Zotto; Gelo Victoriano Dela Cruz; Michael Delacher; Silvia Della Bella; Paolo Dellabona; Günnur Deniz; Mark Dessing; James P. Di Santo; Andreas Diefenbach; Francesco Dieli; Andreas Dolf; Thomas Dörner; Regine J. Dress; Diana Dudziak; Michael Dustin; Charles Antoine Dutertre; Friederike Ebner; Sidonia B.G. Eckle; Matthias Edinger; Pascale Eede; Götz R.A. Ehrhardt; Marcus Eich; Pablo Engel; Britta Engelhardt; Anna Erdei; Institute for Advanced Study of Technical University of Munich; Leibniz-Gemeinschaft; University of Auckland, School of Biological Sciences; A-Star, Singapore Immunology Network; The Francis Crick Institute; Humanitas University; Institut Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti; Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore; Fondazione IFOM Istituto Firc di Oncologia Molecolare; Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Sony Europe Limited, Germany; Miltenyi Biotec; University of Luxembourg; Luxembourg Institute of Health; de Duve Institute; Theodor Kocher Institute of University of Bern; Universiteit Gent; University of Leicester; Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.; Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza; Università degli Studi di Verona; NYU Langone Medical Center; National Cancer Centre, Singapore; University of Cambridge; Københavns Universitet; Universität Regensburg; Freie Universität Berlin; Università degli Studi di Milano; Universitätsklinik Erlangen und Medizinische Fakultät; Lunds Universitet; Universite Paris Descartes; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Istanbul Üniversitesi; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre; University of Melbourne; Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Eötvös Loránd University; Humanitas Research Hospital; University of Rochester Medical Center; Université Paris-Sud; Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (MHH); Helmholtz Center Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health; University of Technology Sydney; Università degli Studi di Firenze; Klinikum der Universität Regensburg und Medizinische Fakultät; Technical University of Munich; University of Birmingham; Monash University; Nankai University; Università degli Studi di Palermo; University of Toronto; Göteborgs Universitet; University Hospital Zurich Institute of Experimental Immunology; IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini - Ospedale Pediatrico; Odense Universitetshospital; University of California, Davis; IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia; Stanford University; University of Zurich; Universität zu Lübeck; Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel; University of Milano - Bicocca; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI); King's College London; Medizinische Universitat Wien; Danmarks Tekniske Universitet; The University of British Columbia; Istituto Superiore Di Sanita; BC​ Children​'​​s Hospital; Universität Bonn; European Molecular Biology Laboratory Heidelberg; Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology; Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel; University College Dublin; Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia; Terry Fox Laboratory; Università degli Studi di Siena; Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University; Institut Pasteur, Paris; Universitat de Barcelona; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF); Berlin Institute of Health (BIH); Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich; Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI); Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH); Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research
    © 2019 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim These guidelines are a consensus work of a considerable number of members of the immunology and flow cytometry community. They provide the theory and key practical aspects of flow cytometry enabling immunologists to avoid the common errors that often undermine immunological data. Notably, there are comprehensive sections of all major immune cell types with helpful Tables detailing phenotypes in murine and human cells. The latest flow cytometry techniques and applications are also described, featuring examples of the data that can be generated and, importantly, how the data can be analysed. Furthermore, there are sections detailing tips, tricks and pitfalls to avoid, all written and peer-reviewed by leading experts in the field, making this an essential research companion.
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    Heart failure around the world
    (2019-10-01) Jasper Tromp; João Pedro Ferreira; Satit Janwanishstaporn; Monica Shah; Barry Greenberg; Faiez Zannad; Carolyn S.P. Lam; IQVIA Inc.; UC San Diego Health; George Institute for Global Health; Université de Lorraine; Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore; Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen; National Heart Centre, Singapore
    © 2019 The Authors. European Journal of Heart Failure © 2019 European Society of Cardiology With increasingly large sample sizes required to demonstrate event reduction, heart failure outcome trials are no longer being performed in a small group of selected patients and countries, but at a global scale with worldwide contribution of patients from countries with considerable differences in background therapy, socioeconomic status and healthcare practices. Recent studies have highlighted how socioeconomic determinants rather than geographical factors may underlie the heterogeneity of patient populations across the globe. Therefore, in this review, we evaluated (i) regional differences in patient characteristics and outcomes in recent epidemiologic studies; (ii) regional differences in worldwide representativeness of clinical trial populations; and (iii) the role of socioeconomic determinants in driving country differences in heart failure trial enrolment and clinical outcomes.
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    JAK-STAT and G-protein-coupled receptor signaling pathways are frequently altered in epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma
    (2016-06-01) M. L. Nairismägi; J. Tan; J. Q. Lim; S. Nagarajan; C. C.Y. Ng; V. Rajasegaran; D. Huang; W. K. Lim; Y. Laurensia; G. C. Wijaya; Z. M. Li; I. Cutcutache; W. L. Pang; S. Thangaraju; J. Ha; L. P. Khoo; S. T. Chin; S. Dey; G. Poore; L. H.C. Tan; H. K.M. Koh; K. Sabai; H. L. Rao; K. L. Chuah; Y. H. Ho; S. B. Ng; S. S. Chuang; F. Zhang; Y. H. Liu; T. Pongpruttipan; Y. H. Ko; P. L. Cheah; N. Karim; W. J. Chng; T. Tang; M. Tao; K. Tay; M. Farid; R. Quek; S. G. Rozen; P. Tan; B. T. Teh; S. T. Lim; S. Y. Tan; C. K. Ong; National Cancer Centre, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore; Duke University; Singapore General Hospital; Singapore Health Services; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; Tan Tock Seng Hospital; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; Chi Mei Medical Center; Taipei Medical University; Guangdong General Hospital; Mahidol University; SungKyunKwan University, School of Medicine; University of Malaya; Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun; National University Hospital, Singapore; A-Star, Genome Institute of Singapore; A-Star, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology
    © 2016 Macmillan Publishers Limited. Epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma (EITL, also known as type II enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma) is an aggressive intestinal disease with poor prognosis and its molecular alterations have not been comprehensively characterized. We aimed to identify actionable easy-to-screen alterations that would allow better diagnostics and/or treatment of this deadly disease. By performing whole-exome sequencing of four EITL tumor-normal pairs, followed by amplicon deep sequencing of 42 tumor samples, frequent alterations of the JAK-STAT and G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling pathways were discovered in a large portion of samples. Specifically, STAT5B was mutated in a remarkable 63% of cases, JAK3 in 35% and GNAI2 in 24%, with the majority occurring at known activating hotspots in key functional domains. Moreover, STAT5B locus carried copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity resulting in the duplication of the mutant copy, suggesting the importance of mutant STAT5B dosage for the development of EITL. Dysregulation of the JAK-STAT and GPCR pathways was also supported by gene expression profiling and further verified in patient tumor samples. In vitro overexpression of GNAI2 mutants led to the upregulation of pERK1/2, a member of MEK-ERK pathway. Notably, inhibitors of both JAK-STAT and MEK-ERK pathways effectively reduced viability of patient-derived primary EITL cells, indicating potential therapeutic strategies for this neoplasm with no effective treatment currently available .
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    Phylogenetic analysis revealed the co-circulation of four dengue virus serotypes in Southern Thailand
    (2019-01-01) Rodolphe Hamel; Pornapat Surasombatpattana; Sineewanlaya Wichit; Alexandra Dauvé; Celeste Donato; Julien Pompon; Dhanasekaran Vijaykrishna; Florian Liegeois; Ronald Morales Vargas; Natthanej Luplertlop; Dorothée Missé; Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs : Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle; Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore; Monash University; Mahidol University; Prince of Songkla University
    © 2019 Hamel et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Dengue fever is caused by dengue viruses (DENV) from the Flavivirus genus and is the most prevalent arboviral disease. DENV exists in four immunogenically distinct and genetically-related serotypes (DENV-1 to 4), each subdivided in genotypes. Despite the endemicity of all four DENV serotypes in Thailand, no prior study has characterized the circulation of DENV in the southern provinces of the country. To determine the genetic diversity of DENV circulating in Southern Thailand in 2015 and 2016, we investigated 46 viruses from 182 patients’ sera confirmed positive for DENV by serological and Nested RT-PCR tests. Our dataset included 2 DENV-1, 20 DENV-2, 9 DENV-3 and 15 DENV-4. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on viral envelop sequences. This revealed that part of the identified genotypes from DENV-1 and DENV-4 had been predominant in Asia (genotype I for both serotypes), while genotype II for DENV-4 and the Cosmopolitan genotype DENV-2 were also circulating. Whereas DENV-3 genotype II had been predominantly detected in South East Asia during the previous decades, we found genotype III and genotype I in Southern Thailand. All DENV genotype identified in this study were closely related to contemporary strains circulating in Southeast Asian countries, emphasizing the regional circulation of DENV. These results provide new insights into the co-circulation of all four DENV serotypes in Southern Thailand, confirming the hyperendemicity of DENV in the region. These findings also suggest a new trend of dissemination for some DENV serotypes with a possible shift in genotype distribution; as recently observed in other Asian countries.
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    Prevalence, clinical correlates, and outcomes of anaemia in multi-ethnic asian patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
    (2018-08-01) Vera J. Goh; Jasper Tromp; Tiew Hwa K. Teng; Wan Ting Tay; Peter Van Der Meer; Lieng Hsi Ling; Bambang B. Siswanto; Chung Lieh Hung; Wataru Shimizu; Shu Zhang; Calambur Narasimhan; Cheuk Man Yu; Sang Weon Park; Tachapong Ngarmukos; Houng Bang Liew; Eugenio Reyes; Jonathan Yap; Michael Macdonald; Mark A. Richards; Inder Anand; Carolyn S.P. Lam; National University Health System; Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore; Manila Doctors Hospital; Care Hospital Hyderabad; Universitas Indonesia; Mackay Memorial Hospital Taiwan; Nippon Medical School; Singapore General Hospital; University of Otago; Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University; VA Medical Center; Changi General Hospital; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen; National Heart Centre, Singapore; Chinese University of Hong Kong; Queen Elizabeth Hospital; Sejong General Hospital; Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital
    © 2018 The Authors. Aims Recent international heart failure (HF) guidelines recognize anaemia as an important comorbidity contributing to poor outcomes in HF, based on data mainly from Western populations. We sought to determine the prevalence, clinical correlates, and prognostic impact of anaemia in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction across Asia. Methods and results We prospectively studied 3886 Asian patients (60 ± 13 years, 21% women) with HF (ejection fraction ≤40%) from 11 regions in the Asian Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure study. Anaemia was defined as haemoglobin <13 g/dL (men) and <12 g/dL (women). Ethnic groups included Chinese (33.0%), Indian (26.2%), Malay (15.1%), Japanese/Korean (20.2%), and others (5.6%). Overall, anaemia was present in 41%, with a wide range across ethnicities (33–54%). Indian ethnicity, older age, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease were independently associated with higher odds of anaemia (all P < 0.001). Ethnicity modified the association of chronic kidney disease with anaemia (Pinteraction = 0.045), with the highest adjusted odds among Japanese/Koreans [2.86; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.96–4.20]. Anaemic patients had lower Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire scores (P < 0.001) and higher risk of all-cause mortality and HF hospitalization at 1 year (hazard ratio = 1.28, 95% CI 1.08–1.50) compared with non-anaemic patients. The prognostic impact of anaemia was modified by ethnicity (Pinteraction = 0.02), with the greatest hazard ratio in Japanese/Koreans (1.82; 95% CI 1.14–2.91). Conclusions Anaemia is present in a third to more than half of Asian patients with HF and adversely impacts quality of life and survival. Ethnic differences exist wherein prevalence is highest among Indians, and survival is most severely impacted by anaemia in Japanese/Koreans.
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    Probability of major depression diagnostic classification using semi-structured versus fully structured diagnostic interviews
    (2018-06-01) Brooke Levis; Andrea Benedetti; Kira E. Riehm; Nazanin Saadat; Alexander W. Levis; Marleine Azar; Danielle B. Rice; Matthew J. Chiovitti; Tatiana A. Sanchez; Pim Cuijpers; Simon Gilbody; John P.A. Ioannidis; Lorie A. Kloda; Dean McMillan; Scott B. Patten; Ian Shrier; Russell J. Steele; Roy C. Ziegelstein; Dickens H. Akena; Bruce Arroll; Liat Ayalon; Hamid R. Baradaran; Murray Baron; Anna Beraldi; Charles H. Bombardier; Peter Butterworth; Gregory Carter; Marcos H. Chagas; Juliana C.N. Chan; Rushina Cholera; Neerja Chowdhary; Kerrie Clover; Yeates Conwell; Janneke M. De Man-Van Ginkel; Jaime Delgadillo; Jesse R. Fann; Felix H. Fischer; Benjamin Fischler; Daniel Fung; Bizu Gelaye; Felicity Goodyear-Smith; Catherine G. Greeno; Brian J. Hall; John Hambridge; Patricia A. Harrison; Ulrich Hegerl; Leanne Hides; Stevan E. Hobfoll; Marie Hudson; Thomas Hyphantis; Masatoshi Inagaki; Khalida Ismail; Nathalie Jetté; Mohammad E. Khamseh; Kim M. Kiely; Femke Lamers; Shen Ing Liu; Manote Lotrakul; Sonia R. Loureiro; Bernd Löwe; Laura Marsh; Anthony McGuire; Sherina Mohd Sidik; Tiago N. Munhoz; Kumiko Muramatsu; Flávia L. Osório; Vikram Patel; Brian W. Pence; Philippe Persoons; Angelo Picardi; Alasdair G. Rooney; Iná S. Santos; Juwita Shaaban; Abbey Sidebottom; Adam Simning; Lesley Stafford; Sharon Sung; Pei Lin Lynnette Tan; Alyna Turner; Christina M. Van Der Feltz-Cornelis; Henk C. Van Weert; Paul A. Vöhringer; Jennifer White; Mary A. Whooley; Kirsty Winkley; Mitsuhiko Yamada; Yuying Zhang; Brett D. Thombs; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health; Amsterdam Public Health; San Francisco VA Health Care System; Mackay Medical College; Calvary Mater Newcastle; Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore; City of Minneapolis; Niigata Seiryo University; Bar-Ilan University School of Social Work; Makerere University; Concordia University; University Medical Center Utrecht; Royal Women's Hospital, Carlton; Harvard School of Public Health; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine; KU Leuven– University Hospital Leuven; University of Queensland; Mackay Memorial Hospital Taiwan; University of Edinburgh; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; University of Melbourne; Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Universiti Putra Malaysia; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; KU Leuven; Iran University of Medical Sciences; Prince of Wales Hospital Hong Kong; University of Rochester Medical Center; University of California, San Francisco; Tufts University; Universidade de Macau; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research; Okayama University Medical School; Technical University of Munich; Monash University; Deakin University; Rush University Medical Center; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Kodaira; University of Newcastle, Faculty of Health and Medicine; University of York; Saint Joseph's College of Maine; Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University; University of Pittsburgh; University of Washington, Seattle; Universidade Federal de Pelotas; John Hunter Hospital; Stanford University; Universidad de Chile; King's College London; University of Newcastle, Australia; Istituto Superiore Di Sanita; Singapore Institute of Mental Health; Australian National University; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Universidade de Sao Paulo - USP; Centre universitaire de santé McGill; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; University of Auckland; Nanyang Technological University; Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf und Medizinische Fakultät; Panepistimion Ioanninon; Universitätsklinikum Leipzig und Medizinische Fakultät; Chinese University of Hong Kong; Harvard Medical School; School of Medical Sciences - Universiti Sains Malaysia; McGill University; Tan Tock Seng Hospital; Baylor College of Medicine; University of Calgary; TRANZO Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing; University of Sheffield; Amsterdam UMC - University of Amsterdam; The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Clinical Psychiatrist; National Institute of Science and Technology; Clinical Centre of Excellence for Body; Allina Health; Public Health Foundation of India; Ministry of Economy; Schön Klinik Hamburg Eilbek
    Copyright © 2018 The Royal College of Psychiatrists. Background: Different diagnostic interviews are used as reference standards for major depression classification in research. Semi-structured interviews involve clinical judgement, whereas fully structured interviews are completely scripted. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), a brief fully structured interview, is also sometimes used. It is not known whether interview method is associated with probability of major depression classification. Aims: To evaluate the association between interview method and odds of major depression classification, controlling for depressive symptom scores and participant characteristics. Method: Data collected for an individual participant data meta-analysis of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) diagnostic accuracy were analysed and binomial generalised linear mixed models were fit. Results: A total of 17 158 participants (2287 with major depression) from 57 primary studies were analysed. Among fully structured interviews, odds of major depression were higher for the MINI compared with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) (odds ratio (OR) = 2.10; 95% CI = 1.15-3.87). Compared with semi-structured interviews, fully structured interviews (MINI excluded) were non-significantly more likely to classify participants with low-level depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 scores ≤6) as having major depression (OR = 3.13; 95% CI = 0.98-10.00), similarly likely for moderate-level symptoms (PHQ-9 scores 7-15) (OR = 0.96; 95% CI = 0.56-1.66) and significantly less likely for high-level symptoms (PHQ-9 scores ≥16) (OR = 0.50; 95% CI = 0.26-0.97). Conclusions: The MINI may identify more people as depressed than the CIDI, and semi-structured and fully structured interviews may not be interchangeable methods, but these results should be replicated.
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    Procalcitonin (PCT)-guided antibiotic stewardship in Asia-Pacific countries: Adaptation based on an expert consensus meeting
    (2020-01-01) Chien Chang Lee; Andrea Lay Hoon Kwa; Anucha Apisarnthanarak; Jia Yih Feng; Eric Howard Gluck; Akihiro Ito; Anis Karuniawati; Petrick Periyasamy; Busadee Pratumvinit; Jeetendra Sharma; Rontgene Solante; Subramanian Swaminathan; Niraj Tyagi; Dien Minh Vu; Kapil Zirpe; Philipp Schuetz; Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore; Artemis Health Sciences; National Taiwan University Hospital; San Lazaro Hospital; University of Indonesia, RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo; Thammasat University Hospital; Sir Ganga Ram Hospital; Universitat Basel; Kantonsspital Aarau; Singapore General Hospital; Swedish Covenant Hospital; Veterans General Hospital-Taipei; Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University; Kurashiki Central Hospital; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; B.G.S Gleneagles Global Hospital; National Hospital of Tropical Diseases; Grant Medical Foundation
    © 2020 ©2020 Philipp Schuetz et al., published by De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston. Recently, an expert consensus on optimal use of procalcitonin (PCT)-guided antibiotic stewardship was published focusing mainly on Europe and the United States. However, for Asia-Pacific countries, recommendations may need adaptation due to differences in types of infections, available resources and standard of clinical care. Practical experience with PCT-guided antibiotic stewardship was discussed among experts from different countries, reflecting on the applicability of the proposed Berlin consensus algorithms for Asia-Pacific. Using a Delphi process, the group reached consensus on two PCT algorithms for the critically ill and the non-critically ill patient populations. The group agreed that the existing evidence for PCT-guided antibiotic stewardship in patients with acute respiratory infections and sepsis is generally valid also for Asia-Pacific countries, in regard to proposed PCT cut-offs, emphasis on diagnosis, prognosis and antibiotic stewardship, overruling criteria and inevitable adaptations to clinical settings. However, the group noted an insufficient database on patients with tropical diseases currently limiting the clinical utility in these patients. Also, due to lower resource availabilities, biomarker levels may be measured less frequently and only when changes in treatment are highly likely. Use of PCT to guide antibiotic stewardship in conjunction with continuous education and regular feedback to all stakeholders has high potential to improve the utilization of antibiotic treatment also in Asia-Pacific countries. However, there is need for adaptations of existing algorithms due to differences in types of infections and routine clinical care. Further research is needed to understand the optimal use of PCT in patients with tropical diseases.
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    Quantitative mass spectrometry of human reticulocytes reveal proteome-wide modifications during maturation
    (2018-01-01) Trang T.T. Chu; Ameya Sinha; Benoit Malleret; Rossarin Suwanarusk; Jung E. Park; Renugah Naidu; Rupambika Das; Bamaprasad Dutta; Seow Theng Ong; Navin K. Verma; Jerry K. Chan; François Nosten; Laurent Rénia; Siu K. Sze; Bruce Russell; Rajesh Chandramohanadas; A-Star, Singapore Immunology Network; Singapore University of Technology and Design; Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; University of Otago; KK Women's And Children's Hospital; Mahidol University; Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine; Nanyang Technological University
    © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Erythropoiesis is marked by progressive changes in morphological, biochemical and mechanical properties of erythroid precursors to generate red blood cells (RBC). The earliest enucleated forms derived in this process, known as reticulocytes, are multi-lobular and spherical. As reticulocytes mature, they undergo a series of dynamic cytoskeletal re-arrangements and the expulsion of residual organelles, resulting in highly deformable biconcave RBCs (normocytes). To understand the significant, yet neglected proteome-wide changes associated with reticulocyte maturation, we undertook a quantitative proteomics approach. Immature reticulocytes (marked by the presence of surface transferrin receptor, CD71) and mature RBCs (devoid of CD71) were isolated from human cord blood using a magnetic separation procedure. After sub-fractionation into triton-extracted membrane proteins and luminal samples (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation), quantitative mass spectrometry was conducted to identify more than 1800 proteins with good confidence and coverage. While most structural proteins (such as Spectrins, Ankyrin and Band 3) as well as surface glycoproteins were conserved, proteins associated with microtubule structures, such as Talin-1/2 and ß-Tubulin, were detected only in immature reticulocytes. Atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based imaging revealed an extended network of spectrin filaments in reticulocytes (with an average length of 48 nm), which shortened during reticulocyte maturation (average spectrin length of 41 nm in normocytes). The extended nature of cytoskeletal network may partly account for increased deformability and shape changes, as reticulocytes transform to normocytes.