Browsing by Author "Mahidol University. Faculty of Veterinary Science"

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Open Access
Anthelmintic effects of ethanolic extracts from pomegranate peels, mangosteen peels and tamarind seeds on gastrointestinal nematode egg counts in lambs
(2013) Pichai Bunviboolvat; Narisa Taechaarpornkul; Jeerapha Saratham; Sivapong Sungpradit; Charoonluk Jirapattharasate; Chowalit Nakthong; Lak Piasai; Orathai Thongjui; Sookruetai Boonmasawai; Mahidol University. Faculty of Veterinary Science
The anthelmintic drug resistance problems in animal husbandry are widely spread all over the world. The gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep economically impact on the decreasing of live-weight gain and body condition scores and have been recently resistant to many anthelmintics, especially albendazole, levamisole, macrocyclic lactone, moxidectin and ivermectin. Therefore, the herbal medicine is the one of alternative anthelmintic ways to solve chemical resistance and economic problems in small ruminant farms. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peels, mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) peels and tamarind (Tamarindus indica) seeds extracts on gastrointestinal nematode egg counts in lambs comparing with albendazole and ivermectin. The results were shown that ivermectin could not decrease egg counted number significantly, but albendazole could significantly decrease percent of the egg per gram (EPG) when compared with pre-treatment (day 0) at day 1 (68±9%), day 3 (53±10%) and day 7 (62±8%). At day 1, the ethanolic extract of pomegranate peels and tamarind seed were significantly effect on gastrointestinal nematode egg count (47±8% and 48±10%, respectively). EPG were not affected by mangosteen peels extract. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (8-17.8 IU/L), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (88.5-127.3 IU/L), creatinine (0.7-0.9 mg/dl) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (11-18.5 mg/dl) value after treatment were also normal and the lambs did not express any clinical renal or hepatic symptoms. It is concluded that the ethanolic extracts of pomegranate peels, and tamarind seeds possess significant anthelmintic activities at day 1 and could be a potential alternative for management of gastrointestinal roundworm problem in lambs.
Open Access
Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Escherichia coli in diarrheal piglet fecal samples: using continuous medicated feed and geographical variation
(2012) Dusit Laohasinnarong; Wararat Thanachotsirivibul; Waree Limrungsukho; Dulyatad Gronsang; Mahidol University. Faculty of Veterinary Science
The aim of this study was to determine the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of antimicrobials against Escherichia coli by broth microdilution method and study antimicrobial sensitivity patterns for E. coli isolated from diarrheic piglets in pig farms that regularly use medicated feed. Total of 120 fecal swabs were collected from 3 conventional pig farms, located in Ratchaburi and Kanchanaburi provinces, for E. coli isolation. Only 114 samples (95.0%) were able to be isolated, 93.8% non-hemolytic E. coli and 6.2% hemolytic E. coli. Enrofloxacin showed the lowest MIC90 (1 μg/ml), while the most susceptibility of E. coli was apramicin (100%). The sensitivity patterns of Farm 1 and 2 were not different, however, their sensitivity patterns were different from Farm 3 (P<0.05). The present result showed that there was no relationship between feed medication and E. coli antimicrobials resistance in piglets. In conclusion, apramycin and enrofloxacinwere the most effective antimicrobial, considering sensitivity test in order to treat infection with E. coli. Whereas, lincomycin, and tylosin were the most resistance (100%).
Open Access
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Escherichia coli in Diarrheal Piglet Fecal Samples: Using Continuous Medicated Feed and Geographical Variation
(2012) Dusit Laohasinnarong; Wararat Thanachotsirivibul; Waree Limrungsukho; Dulyatad Gronsang; Mahidol University. Faculty of Veterinary Science
Open Access
Association between histological grading, Ki-67, AgNOR, KIT expression pattern and survival time in a dog with mast cell Tumour: A case report
(2020) Ploen Nganthavee; Paitoon Srimontri; Tanit Kasantikul; Namphung Suemanotham; เพลิน งานทวี; ไพฑูรย์ ศรีมนตรี; ฐานิต กสานติกุล; น้ำผึ้ง สื่อมโนธรรม; Mahidol University. Faculty of Veterinary Science
A 13-year-old entire male Thai Ridgeback dog presented to Prasu-Arthorn Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University with a mass on the caudal right flank. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) revealed round cells with intracytoplasmic granules consistent with mast cell tumour (MCT). Surgical excision was performed. Histological grading revealed poorly-differentiated, high grade MCT with 18 mitotic figures per 10 high power-fields (HPFs) and KIT staining was consistent with KIT pattern II (focal or stippled cytoplasmic staining); both of which are associated with poor survival. This contrasted with the better survival time implicated by low argyrophilic nucleolar organiser region (AgNOR) and Ki-67 scores, which were all below the cut-off values, suggesting low cellular proliferation. A chemotherapy protocol of vinblastine and prednisolone was subsequently commenced. Distant recurrence at the neck occurred at 67 days, confirmed to be MCT by histopathology. The dog later died, with a total survival time of 90 days from diagnosis. The actual survival time closely aligned with the estimated survival time based on histological grading. With few multivariate survival analyses available, this case demonstrates the use of AgNOR, Ki-67, and KIT localisation to complement histological grading for further studies to compare different variables in a clinical setting in Thailand.
Open Access
Case report: Bronchoesophageal fistula in mixed breed dog
(2015) Phingphol Charoonrut; Nattapon Riengvirodkij; Chanon Kamta; Mahidol University. Faculty of Veterinary Science
A 10-year-old, male neutered, 10 kg, mixed poodle was presented with a 4-month history of non-productive cough. The dog was firstly diagnosed pneumonia at the left caudal lung lobe. However, the treatment with systemic antibiotics, mucolytics and bronchodilators did not improve his clinical signs. Moreover, the regurgitation with foamy content was developed. The esophagoscopy and contrast radiography with barium sulfate solution were performed for the definite diagnosis. The bronchoesophageal fistula with secondary pneumonia at the left caudal lung lobe was diagnosed. The specific treatment for the bronchoesophageal fistula was performed by the surgical correction via thoracotomy.
Open Access
The distribution of Kitti's hog-nosed Bat (Craseonycteris thonglongyai) in Kanchanaburi Province
(2013) Poonyapat Sedwisai; Tanasak Changbunjong; Tatiyanuch Chamsai; Siriporn Tangsudjai; Sukuman Rittem; Thekhawet Weluwanarak; Sineenard Jiemtaweeboon; Kanokporn Triwitayakorn; Pitchapat Hanprab; Surachit Waengsothorn; Ruangrat Buddhirongawatr; Kridsada Chaichoun; Mahidol University. Faculty of Veterinary Science; Mahidol University. Institute of Molecular Biosciences
The distribution of Kitti's Hog-nosed Bat (Craseonycteris thonglongyai) was conducted in Saiyok District, Kanchanaburi Province using harp traps between April 2010 and April 2013. This species was found in 11 out of 24 caves; 9 in military area and 2 in conservation area. A total of 672 bats were captured in this survey. The length of the bat forearms were 23.0-26.3 mm and adults weighed between 1.22 and 5.94 g. Results of this study provide information for conservation of this bat in the area.
Open Access
Distribution of spermatozoa in the reproductive tracts of sows after intra-uterine insemination using frozen-thawed boar semen
(2012) Panida Chanapiwat; Kampon Kaeoket; Padet Tummaruk; Mahidol University. Faculty of Veterinary Science
The aims of the present study were to determine the number of spermatozoa in the reproductive tract of sows after intra-uterine insemination (IUI) with frozen-thawed (FT) boar semen and to investigate the influence of adding seminal plasma in the thawing medium on the sperm transport in the female reproductive tract. Fourteen multiparous sows were divided into 3 groups: group I (n= 5), insemination with 80 ml of extended fresh semen, group II (n= 4), insemination with 40 ml of FT semen diluted with ModenaTM extender and group III (n= 5), insemination with 40 ml of FT semen diluted with combination of ModenaTM and seminal plasma. All the sows were inseminated once with 2x109 motile spermatozoa at 36.1±2.8 hours after human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) administration. The reproductive tract was collected from the sows at 12.4±2.2 hours after insemination and was divided into 5 parts, i.e. ampulla, cranial isthmus, caudal isthmus, utero-tubal junction (UTJ) and cranial uterine horn. All parts of the reproductive tract were flushed by phosphate buffer solution and the number of spermatozoa was determined using a Neubauer hemocytometer. Spermatozoa were found in all parts of the sows’ reproductive tracts at 12.4 hr after IUI using either fresh (group I) or FT boar semen (group II and III). Most of the spermatozoa were found in the UTJ (47.8%, 47.8% and 38.1% in group I, II and III, respectively, p> 0.05) and the caudal isthmus (27.2%, 26.4% and 28.1% in group I, II and III, respectively, p> 0.05). The total number of recovered spermatozoa in group III (409,420 sperm) tended to be higher than group I (286,750 sperm, p= 0.109) and II (287,000 sperm, p= 0.139). Number of spermatozoa in the cranial isthmus in group III (76,400 sperm) tended to be higher than that in group I (35,750 sperm) and II (33,333 sperm) (p> 0.05). It can be concluded that at 12.4 hr after IUI using FT semen, spermatozoa were found in all parts of the reproductive tracts of the sows similar to that using extended fresh semen. Supplementation of seminal plasma in the thawing medium of FT boar semen tended to increase the transportation of spermatozoa toward the cranial isthmus. This might be due to the suppression of PMN cells in the female reproductive tract and the reduction in cryoinjury of the FT boar sperm caused by seminal plasma.
Open Access
Effect of dietary fish oil supplement on nutrients digestibility and egg yolk omega-3 fatty acids contents in Japanese Quails
(2016) Kunaporn Homyog; Surasak Jittakhot; Samatchaya Pengdit; Mahidol University. Faculty of Veterinary Science
This study were investigated the effects of dietary fish oil supplement on digestibility of nutrients, fatty acid composition of egg yolk and quality of eggs in Japanese quails. Three hundred and twenty, ten weeks old female Japanese quails were randomly divided into 2 treatments, replicated 8 cages with 20 birds per cage. Dietary treatments; control diet and fish oil supplement diet (added 6% fish oil) were fed for 30 days. Samples of diets, feces and egg were daily collected from last 5 days. For proximate analysis of fish oil supplement DM, EE and ash of feed intake were lower than control diet (P<0.01). Moreover, the dietary fish oil supplement on macronutrients digestibility revealed DM, ME (P<0.05) and ash were significantly decrease (P<0.01) and also found negative effect on nitrogen metabolism (P<0.05). Fish oil supplement had significantly negative effect on egg production, egg weight and yolk width (P<0.05). However, detected the increasing of saturated fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids, omega 3 and omega 9 fatty acids contents of quails fed fish oil supplement diet (P<0.01). On the other hand, fish oil supplement diets were highly significant decrease in omega 6 fatty acids and omega 6 to omega 3 fatty acid ratio (P<0.01). In summary, dietary fish oil supplemented can caused positive effect on content of saturated fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids, omega 3 and omega 9 fatty acids, but had adverse effect either macro-nutrients intake or their digestibility. Additionally dietary fish oil supplemented lead to lower omega 6 to omega 3 ratios that cloud be beneficial effect on human health.
Open Access
Effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation on reducing hypertension in chronic renal failure dogs
(2008) Aekarin Sae-thang; Rungrote Osathanon; Mahidol University. Faculty of Veterinary Science
Chronic renal failure is a common disease in elder dogs. The degeneration of nephron is one of the causes of this disease, which leads to the end-stage renal failure. Hypertension in chronic renal failure is engendered by the destruction of that nephron results in the reduction of renal function, and following by the induction of renin angiotensin aldosterone system as well as inflammatory cytokines. The objective of this review is to evaluate and describe the use of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) for reducing hypertension in chronic renal failure dogs. The supplement of n-3 PUFA leads to changing of eicosanoids synthesis (e.g. prostaglandins, thrombaxanes, and leukotrienes) to other derivatives, which induce vasodilation and reduce the inflammation-mediated destruction of glomerulus. For that reason, the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplemenation is an alternative treatment for reducing hypertension in chronic renal failure dogs.
Open Access
Effects of alcoholic extract from pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peels on gastrointestinal nematode egg counts in doe
(2013) Sookruetai Boonmasawai; Sivapong Sungpradit; Charoonluk Jirapattharasate; Chowalit Nakthong; Lak Piasai; Mahidol University. Faculty of Veterinary Science
Anthelmintic drug resistant is one of the major problem that quietly reflecting the small ruminant production qualities. Because this problem recently spread out in many areas all over the world, the alternative anthelmintic methods are recently requiring, especially using local economic plants or remedies for reducing the impact. The pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is one kind of fruit that is used as an anthelmintic plant in Ayurveda remedies for a long time. We investigated the anthelmintic activity of alcoholic extract from pomegranate peels against female goat gastrointestinal nematodes and the toxic effects after treatments. The results were shown that albendazole and pomegranate peel powder could not affect percent of strongyle egg per gram (EPG) when comparing with pre-treatment control data. In contrast, ivermectin injections could significantly affect a first 24h (32 ± 5%), and had continuously effect at day 3, 7 and 14 (31 ± 17%, 51 ± 13% and 33 ± 11%, respectively). Alcoholic extract of pomegranate represented significantly anthelmintic effects at day 1, 3 and 7 (45 ± 11%, 57 ± 14% and 64 ± 7%, respectively) with non-significantly different when comparing with ivermectin. We also preliminary investigated the effects of alcoholic extract from mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) peels, it could not effect on egg count number per gram when comparing with pre-treatment control. The results suggested that alcoholic crude extracts from pomegranate peels could inhibit gastrointestinal strongyle-type egg production and may be promising used as an alternative anthelmintic drugs in small ruminant farms.
Open Access
Effects of atropine 0.25 mg/kg on goat sexual desire, semen quality and seminal fluid volume
(2020) Sakdichod Kimsakulvech; Chowalit Nakthong; Yupaporn Lanamtiang; ศักดิโชติ คิมสกุลเวช; เชาวลิต นาคทอง; ยุภาภรณ์ ลาน้ำเที่ยง; Mahidol University. Faculty of Veterinary Science; Mahidol University. Faculty of Veterinary Science. Department of Preclinic and Applied Animal Sciences; Mahidol University. Faculty of Veterinary Science. Department of Clinical Science and Public Health; Mahidol University. Faculty of Veterinary Science. Veterinary Medical Center for Livestock and Wildlife Animal Hospital
This experiment compared effect of atropine 0.25 mg/kg between before and after injection in eight male goats. The trial was conducted for 3 experiments in 3 consecutive weeks. At the first week, all male goats were injected intramuscularly with normal saline 1 ml (NSS) as a pre-control group. At the second week, all goats were injected with atropine 0.25 mg/kg as an atropine group. At the third week, all goats were injected with NSS as a post-control group. Pupillary light reflex and heart rate were evaluated 15 minutes before and after injection. Sexual desire was evaluated by libido score. Semen was collected within 40 minutes after injection for assessing semen quality and seminal fluid volume. In atropine group, all goats had mydriasis and significantly higher heart rate after injection. All groups could copulate and ejaculate within 1 minute after contacting the female. Sexual desire, semen parameters and seminal fluid volume were not significantly different among three groups. In summary, injecting atropine 0.25 mg/kg inhibited parasympathetic nervous system and did not change sexual desire, semen quality and seminal fluid volume.
Open Access
Effects of feeding chitooligosaccharide on growth performance, immunity and serum composition in goats
(2012) Chowalit Nakthong; Sarawut Taksinoros; Witsanu Wongsawaong; Mahidol University. Faculty of Veterinary Science; Mahidol University. Faculty of Veterinary Science. Livestock and wildlife Hospital
A total of 15 female goats (28.5 ± 0.5 kg) were employed to determine the effects of feeding commercial prebiotic (Nuclear C.O.S), a type of chitooligosaccharide (COS) on growth performance, immunity and serum composition. A complete randomized design (CRD) was used in the experiment. Goats were randomly allotted into 3 treatments with 5 replications each treatment (a goat/pen). Diets were formulated to meet or exceed nutrient requirements (NRC, 1998) and COS (Nuclear C.O.S) was added with 3 levels; 0 ppm (control), 1 ppm (LL) and 2 ppm (HL). Blood samples were collected all goats each treatment and four times on day 0, 21, 42 and 63 after feeding. Goats were bled via venipuncture from jugular vein. During treatment periods, there were trends to improve weight gain and average daily gain (ADG), as COS (Nuclear C.O.S) levels were increased in the diets, although it was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The other hand, FCR was reduced when COS (Nuclear C.O.S) level LL as compared to control level (p>0.05). Cholesterol level in blood was decreased significantly (p<0.05) although total protein was significantly difference increased in COS (Nuclear C.O.S) treated groups (p<0.05). There were trend towards reducing triglyceride and trend to upward HDL of goats as dietary COS (Nuclear C.O.S) was increased (p>0.05). During the overall period, adding high level (HL) improved lymphocyte cell count (p>0.05). White blood cell was not significantly reduced when added level of COS (Nuclear C.O.S) (p>0.05). In conclusion, nutrients would be utilized more efficiently in goats fed diet containing COS (Nuclear C.O.S) than those fed control diets due to better condition of microbial populations in alimentary tracts.
Open Access
Effects of feeding chitooligosaccharide on growth performance, immunity and serum composition in goats
(2012) Chowalit Nakthong; Sarawut Taksinoros; Witsanu Wongsawaong; Mahidol University. Faculty of Veterinary Science
A total of 15 female goats (28.5 ± 0.5 kg) were employed to determine the effects of feeding commercial prebiotic (Nuclear C.O.S), a type of chitooligosaccharide (COS) on growth performance, immunity and serum composition. A complete randomized design (CRD) was used in the experiment. Goats were randomly allotted into 3 treatments with 5 replications each treatment (a goat/pen). Diets were formulated to meet or exceed nutrient requirements (NRC, 1998) and COS (Nuclear C.O.S) was added with 3 levels; 0 ppm (control), 1 ppm (LL) and 2 ppm (HL). Blood samples were collected all goats each treatment and four times on day 0, 21, 42 and 63 after feeding. Goats were bled via venipuncture from jugular vein. During treatment periods, there were trends to improve weight gain and average daily gain (ADG), as COS (Nuclear C.O.S) levels were increased in the diets, although it was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The other hand, FCR was reduced when COS (Nuclear C.O.S) level LL as compared to control level (p>0.05). Cholesterol level in blood was decreased significantly (p<0.05) although total protein was significantly difference increased in COS (Nuclear C.O.S) treated groups (p<0.05). There were trend towards reducing triglyceride and trend to upward HDL of goats as dietary COS (Nuclear C.O.S) was increased (p>0.05). During the overall period, adding high level (HL) improved lymphocyte cell count (p>0.05). White blood cell was not significantly reduced when added level of COS (Nuclear C.O.S) (p>0.05). In conclusion, nutrients would be utilized more efficiently in goats fed diet containing COS (Nuclear C.O.S) than those fed control diets due to better condition of microbial populations in alimentary tracts.
Open Access
The Effects of Heartwood Extracts from Biancaea sappan L. against Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) and Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Goats
(2021) Panitnun Leelakhachonchit; Raweephun Phongprai; Wannapa Jiennumwong; Chowalit Nakthong; Norasuthi Bangphoomi; Arpron Leesombun; Orathai Thongjuy; Sookruetai Boonmasawai; Mahidol University. Faculty of Veterinary Science; Mahidol University. Faculty of Veterinary Science. The Center for Veterinary Diagnosis; Mahidol University. Faculty of Veterinary Science. Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health; Mahidol University. Faculty of Veterinary Science. Department of Pre-clinic and Applied Animal Science
Subclinical mastitis is an important disease affecting milk quality in dairy goats, and slow to detect because of non-clinical signs. Subclinical mastitis will progress to clinical mastitis which requires the treatments. The treatment mainly uses the antimicrobial intra-mammary infusion, and it may cause antimicrobial resistance problems. Thus, this study aimed to determine the change of milk composition and the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts from Biancaea sappan L. heartwood against bacteria isolated from milk of subclinical mastitis goats. Eighty-eight milk samples were classified into two groups; control (n=34) and subclinical mastitis group or SCM (n=54) according to California mastitis test (CMT) score and somatic cell count (SCC). The study showed that the percentage of lactose significantly decreased (p=0.002) in the subclinical mastitis goats, whereas the fat contents significantly increased (p=0.014). The changing of milk protein, solids not fat (SNF) and total solid (TS) contents were not observed. The bacterial identifications from milk samples revealed that the most commonly isolated bacteria were coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) (n=41, 78.9%) and Staphylococcus aureus (n=7, 13.5%). The ethanolic extracts from B. sappan showed their antibacterial activity against isolated CoNS and S. aureus with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range were 0.125-4 mg/ml and 0.125-1 mg/ml, respectively. These findings indicated that B. sappan ethanolic extracts potentially effected against major pathogens of subclinical mastitis in dairy goats
Open Access
Effects of the three flavonoids; kaempferol, quercetin, and myricetin on Baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cells and Human hepatocellular carcinoma cell (HepG2) cells proliferations and total Erk1/2 protein expression
(2017) Sookruetai Boonmasawai; Arpron Leesombun; Kridsada Chaichoun; Jarupha Taowan; Ladawan Sariya; Orathai Thongjuy; Mahidol University. Faculty of Veterinary Science
Kaempferol, quercetin, and myricetin were regarded as the potential therapeutic flavonoids in several types of cancers. And the cancer cell proliferations that were directly induced by MAPK/Erk signaling pathway had been the important target of cancer treatment. Thus, this study was investigated the anti-proliferative effects of these three flavonoids together with total Erk1/2 protein expressions on Human hepatocellular carcinoma cell (HepG2) and Baby hamster kidney cells (BHK-2). The data showed the cytotoxic effects of 100 μM kaempferol, 5 μM myricetin and 50 μM quercetin on BHK-21 cells at 24h. After same incubation time, kaempferol (5 μM), myricetin (1 μM) and quercetin (1 μM) could significantly inhibit HepG2 cell proliferations. By western blot analysis, kaempferol and myricetin could not affect Total Erk1/2 proteins expression. But quercetin obviously suppressed total Erk1/2 protein expression in HepG2 cells at 24h. In conclusion, all three flavonoids had significant inhibitory effects on Hepatocellular carcinoma cells without cytotoxic effects on normal fibroblast. And inhibitory effects of quercetin in cancer cell proliferation related to total Erk1/2 protein reduction.
Open Access
Electron micrographs of human and avian influenza viruses with high and low pathogenicity
(2013) Suda Louisirirotchanakul; Pornparn Rojanasang; Kleophant Thakerngpol; Naree Choosrichom; Kridsda Chaichoune; Phisanu Pooruk; Aphinya Namsai; Robert, Webster; Pilaipan Puthavathana; Mahidol University. Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital. Departments of Microbiology and Pathology; Mahidol University. Faculty of Veterinary Science
Background: An outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus in Thailand was first reported in 2004. To date, electron micrographs demonstrating the morphology of HPAI H5N1 virus particle are quite limited. Objective: To demonstrate the morphology of HPAI H5N1 virus particles, avian influenza viruses with low pathogenicity, seasonal influenza viruses, and H5N1 structural components in infected cells. The M amino acid residues that might affect the viral morphology were also analyzed. Methods: Electron micrographs of negatively-stained virus particles and positively-stained thin sections of the HPAI H5N1 virus infected cells were visualized under a transmission electron microscope. M amino acid sequences of the study viruses were retrieved from the GenBank database and aligned with those of reference strains with known morphology and residues that are unique for the morphological type of the virus particles. Results: Morphologically, three forms of influenza virus particles, spherical, regular, and irregular rods, and long filamentous particles, were demonstrated. However, the spherical form was the most predominant morphological type and accounted for more than 80% of the virus populations examined. In addition, the viral entry and exit steps including incomplete particles in infected Madin–Darby canine kidney cells were visualized. Our analyses did not find any M amino acid residues that might influence the viral morphology. Conclusion: Of all virus isolates studied, we demonstrated that the spherical particles were the major population observed regardless of virus subtype, host of origin, virus virulence, or passage history. Our study suggested that the morphology of influenza virus particles released, might not be strongly influenced by M gene polymorphism.
Open Access
Fatty acid composition in adipose tissues of goats and sheep reared on either grazing or confinement regimen
(2014) Surasak Jittakhot; Kunaporn Homyog; Samatchaya Pengdit; Chowalit Nakthong; Mahidol University. Faculty of Veterinary Science
Essential fatty acids play a part in many metabolic processes such as immune system, and cardiovascular system. A lower ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids or increased omega-3 fatty acids in human diet was more desirable in reducing the risk of the chronic diseases. Hence, the objective of this study was to determine fatty acid composition from goat and sheep adipose tissues with two different rearing regimens, grazing and confinement. Ten young male crossbred goats and sheep were equally divided into two groups by their species reared on either grazing or confinement. Analysis of data as a 2 x 2 factorial combination in Completely Randomized Design showed that different species did affect fatty acid compositions and no significant differences were found by either rearing regimens in fatty acid composition in perirenal adipose tissues. The ratio of the saturated to unsaturated fatty acid was significantly higher (P<0.01) in goats than that found in sheep. But, the effects of rearing and species-rearing interaction were not observed on this ratio. Moreover, there was significantly higher (P<0.05) α-linolenic acid (C18:3 ω3) in sheep adipose tissue than goats in both rearing regimens. Thus, ω6/ω3 ratio tended to be lower in sheep than goats. Perirenal adipose tissues from goat and sheep contained 4.02 % and 4.57 % polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), respectively.
Open Access
Fatty acid profile of ruminal fluid, plasma and milk fat of dairy cows fed soybean and sunflower oil-rich diets, without effects on milk production.
(2010) Jitkamol Thanasak; Surasak Jittakhot; Somkiat Kosulwat; Theera Rukkwamsuk; Mahidol University. Faculty of Veterinary Science; Mahidol University. Institute of Nutrition
The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of feeding soybean oil (SB) and sunflower oil (SF) on ruminal fluid, plasma and milk fatty acid profiles. Eighteen cows were obtained for the experiment and received 20 kg corn silage and 7.5 kg concentrate as a base diet, containing 6.2% palm oil on a dry matter basis, for four weeks. Subsequently, after the four-week experimental period, six cows were assigned to each of the dietary treatments. The treatments consisted of three groups: 1) the same base diet, containing 6.2% palm oil (control); 2) 6.2% SB; and 3) 6.2% SF. All treatments did not alter milk production. The milk fat percentages were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the cows fed the SB- and SF-rich diets at day 7 and 14, whereas milk fat yields were significantly (P < 0.05) lower only in the cows fed the SF-rich diet at day 7. The proportion of ruminal C16:0 was significantly (P< 0.001) lower and C18:0 was significantly (P< 0.05) higher for the SB and SF diets, while in addition, C18:1n-9 tended to be lower on the SF diet (P = 0.062). The proportions of plasma C16:0 and C18:1n-9 were significantly (P < 0.05) lower for the SB and SF diets, whereas C18:0 was significantly (P = 0.027) higher with the SB diet. Even though no differences in polyunsaturated fatty acids, in either the ruminal fluid or plasma, were found among the treatments, the proportion of milk linoleic acids (C18:2n-6) was similar in the SB and SF diets and both diets had proportions that were significantly (P< 0.001) higher than in the control. In addition, milk linolenic acids (C18:3n-3) were significantly (P < 0.05) greater in the SB diet than for the SF diet and for the control. An increase in the ruminal pH and a reduction in blood non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) were detected in cows fed either the SB or SF diet. The results suggested (with the balance between dietary fatty acids hydrogenated in the rumen and taken up by the mammary gland) that SB is an acceptable fat source for high linoleic acid and linolenic acid (omega-6 and 3) and that SF is suitable for high linoleic acid (omega-6)-produced milk, without adverse effects on milk yield and composition. This practical feeding trial would reflect the use of these oils to produce health-enhancing dairy products.
Open Access
Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) in Captive Wild Felids in Thailand during 2004-2005
(2010) Siriporn Tangsudjai; Supunsa Malidang; Rassmeepen Phonarknguen; Roschong Boonyarittichaikit; Rattapan Pattanarangsan; Ruangrat Buddhirongawatr; Kridsada Chaichoun; Mahidol University. Faculty of Veterinary Science
Open Access
Heavy Infestation of the Sticktight Flea (Echidnophaga gallinacea) in Dog
(2009) Thekhawet Weluwanarak; Siriporn Tangsudjai; Seni Ngamloephochit; Tanasak Changbunjong; Mahidol University. Faculty of Veterinary Science