Browsing by Author "Theerakamol Pengsakul"

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    Deep learning approaches for challenging species and gender identification of mosquito vectors
    (2021-12-01) Veerayuth Kittichai; Theerakamol Pengsakul; Kemmapon Chumchuen; Yudthana Samung; Patchara Sriwichai; Natthaphop Phatthamolrat; Teerawat Tongloy; Komgrit Jaksukam; Santhad Chuwongin; Siridech Boonsang; King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang; Mahidol University; Prince of Songkla University
    Microscopic observation of mosquito species, which is the basis of morphological identification, is a time-consuming and challenging process, particularly owing to the different skills and experience of public health personnel. We present deep learning models based on the well-known you-only-look-once (YOLO) algorithm. This model can be used to simultaneously classify and localize the images to identify the species of the gender of field-caught mosquitoes. The results indicated that the concatenated two YOLO v3 model exhibited the optimal performance in identifying the mosquitoes, as the mosquitoes were relatively small objects compared with the large proportional environment image. The robustness testing of the proposed model yielded a mean average precision and sensitivity of 99% and 92.4%, respectively. The model exhibited high performance in terms of the specificity and accuracy, with an extremely low rate of misclassification. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.958 ± 0.011, which further demonstrated the model accuracy. Thirteen classes were detected with an accuracy of 100% based on a confusion matrix. Nevertheless, the relatively low detection rates for the two species were likely a result of the limited number of wild-caught biological samples available. The proposed model can help establish the population densities of mosquito vectors in remote areas to predict disease outbreaks in advance.
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    Esophagogastric region and liver tissue in dog-faced water snake Cerberus rynchops: Histology and histochemistry
    (2017-12-01) Piyakorn Boonyoung; Sinlapachai Senarat; Jes Kettratad; Wannee Jiraungkoorskul; Pisit Poolprasert; Sansareeya Wangkulangkul; Theerakamol Pengsakul; Watiporn Yenchum; Yassir Sulieman; Prince of Songkla University; Chulalongkorn University; Mahidol University; Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University; National Institute of Metrology (Thailand); University of Shendi
    © 2018 Observation of the esophagogastric region and liver tissue of the dog-faced water snake, Cerberus rynchops, living in Thailand was evaluated using standard histological techniques. The results revealed that the digestive tract of this snake consists of three parts: the oesophagus, stomach and intestine, respectively. From the histological analysis, the longitudinal folds of the oesophagus were lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelia with goblet cells. The goblet cells stained positively with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and alcian blue (AB) methods. In the stomach, gastric glands extended into the lamina propria. Each gastric gland had a greater cell size than other regions and also a branched tubular gland was visible in the histological images. The mucous neck cell was positive to PAS and AB reactions, whereas, the oxynticopeptic cells slightly reacted to both PAS and AB staining and were preferentially located in this gland. The liver parenchyma of C. rynchops was composed of hepatic sinusoids and hepatocytes. In conclusion, this was the first study on digestive tract and liver tissue in C. rynchops from the Paknam Pranburi Estuary, Thailand.
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    Gastrointestinal tract and accessory organs in the spotted bent-toed gecko, cyrtodactylus peguensis (boulenger, 1893): A histological and histochemical study
    (2019-01-01) Lamai Thongboon; Sinlapachai Senarat; Jes Kettratad; Wannee Jiraungkoorskul; Sansareeya Wangkulangkul; Pisit Poolprasert; Chamnan Para; Gen Kaneko; Theerakamol Pengsakul; University of Houston-Victoria; Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University; Chulalongkorn University; Mahidol University; Prince of Songkla University; Mahasarakham University
    © 2019 by Thieme Revinter. The spotted bent-toed gecko Cyrtodactylus peguensis is one of the exploited reptiles in Thailand. In order to provide basic information for the digestive system of this species, we have examined histologically the gastrointestinal and accessory organs of C. peguensis using routine methods. The gastrointestinal region of this reptile started from the stomach and the intestine. The stomach was separated into fundic and pyloric regions. In both regions, the stomach wall was formed by four distinct tissue layers, including mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa layers. Mucous neck cells and oxynticopeptic cells were identified as glycoprotein-producing cells in the stomach by Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining. The small and large intestines shared many histological characteristics, but the former contained more intestinal folds, while the latter had more PAS-positive goblet cells. Histological characteristics of accessory organs, liver and pancreas, were also provided. Overall, the gastrointestinal and accessory organs of C. peguensis were largely similar to those from other reptiles, but fine structural information will open up considerable opportunities to further studies related to the endocrinology, the physiology, and the conservation of this species.
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    The identification and distribution of the mucous secreting cells in the integument of the schaap’s dragonet, Callionymus schaapii, Bleeker, 1852
    (2020-01-01) Sinlapachai Senarat; Piyakorn Boonyoung; Jes Kettratad; Wannee Jiraungkoorskul; Pisit Poolprasert; Shuaiqin Huang; Theerakamol Pengsakul; Ezra Mongkolchaichana; Chamnan Para; Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University; Chulalongkorn University; Xiamen University; Mahidol University; Prince of Songkla University; Mahasarakham University; Navamindrahiraj University
    © 2020, Chiang Mai University - Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. All rights reserved. The microanatomical structure of mucous secreting cells (Ms) in fish has been widely found; however, there is a lack of research on the Schaap’s dragonet, Callionymus schaapii, which is regarded as an important benthic fish. The identification and distribution of Ms in different areas along the integumentary system of Callionymus schaapii were therefore demon-strated and compared using histochemical techniques. The integument system of this fish consists of two layers: an outer epidermis and an underlying dermis. In particular, the Ms can be classified because they were positively stained with periodic acid-schiff and alcian blue methods. As a result, the distribution of Ms could be observed in all areas (lateral head, pectoral – pelvic, middle trunk and caudal areas) and along with the integumentary system, respectively. The observation confirmed that the highest number of Ms was found in the pectoral-pelvic area. The caudal area had the lowest number of this cell. The localization and abundance of Ms in the integument may support the behavior and enhance swimming to the area under the estuarine conditions.
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    Mature gonadal histology and gametogenesis of the tortoise beetle Aspidimorpha sanctaecrucis (Fabricius, 1792) (coleoptera: Cassidinae: Chrysomelidae): Histological observation
    (2020-01-01) Piyakorn Boonyoung; Sinlapachai Senarat; Jes Kettratad; Wannee Jiraungkoorskul; Narit Thaochan; Kong Wah Sing; Theerakamol Pengsakul; Pisit Poolprasert; Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya; Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University; Chulalongkorn University; Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences; Mahidol University; Prince of Songkla University
    © 2020, Prince of Songkla University. All rights reserved. The gonadal structure of insects has been well reported but there is a lack of such information from tortoise beetles that are an economically important insect. In this study, the gonadal structure and differentiating stage of gametogenesis of tortoise beetles Aspidomorpha sanctaecrucis are examined using the histological technique. At the level of light microscopy, our results revealed that the A. sanctaecrucis male reproductive system has a pair of testicular structures that consist of six seminiferous tubules. All zones contained various stages of spermatogenesis and could be divided into five stages depending on the shape and histological organization, particularly chromatin organization, which was divided into spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes with 8 sub-steps (leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene, diakinesis, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase), secondary spermatocytes, spermatids (two sub-steps), and spermatozoa. A pair of ovaries was observed in the female A. sanctaecrucis. Each ovary is considered to be a meroistic ovariole that exists with nurse cells. The differentiating oogenic stages including previtellogenic and vitellogenic stages were observed. Our study provides baseline data that will be useful for future work involved in the ultrastructure and physiology of the reproductive tissue in tortoise beetles, especially the differential characterizations of the seminiferous tubule and ovarian type in beetles.
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    Morphology and histology of female reproductive tract of the dog-faced water snake cerberus rynchops (Schneider, 1799)
    (2020-01-01) Lamai Thongboon; Sinlapachai Senarat; Jes Kettratad; Wannee Jiraungkoorskul; Theerakamol Pengsakul; Sansareeya Wangkulangkul; Mari C. Uribe; Francis G. Plumley; Koraon Wongkamhaeng; Gen Kaneko; University of Houston-Victoria; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Chulalongkorn University; Kasetsart University; Mahidol University; Prince of Songkla University
    © 2020 by Maejo University, San Sai, Chiang Mai, 50290 Thailand. The development of viviparity, live-bearing, is an ill-defined evolutionary event that is considered to have emerged in several lineages of reptiles. Therefore, the knowledge from a wide variety of viviparous species will offer better insight into understanding the reproductive adaptations associated with the development of viviparity. The dog-faced water snake, Cerberus rynchops, belongs to the family Homalopsidae that is considered to be viviparous, but detailed reproductive features are still poorly known for this species. In this study we investigated the female reproductive system of mature C. rynchops using histological techniques. A paired ovary was anchored to the kidney in this species. Eight to nine ovarian follicles were observed and classified as previtellogenic follicles, vitellogenic follicles and atretic follicles. The oviductal structure of C. rynchops was divided into four regions, namely infundibulum, uterine tube, uterus and vagina, and all oviductal regions were covered with ciliated and non-ciliated cuboidal epithelial cells and surrounded by connective tissue of submucosa, a thick layer of the muscularis and serosa. In the uterus we observed the uterine glands, which are commonly present in viviparous snakes.
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    Ovarian histology of toadfish batrachomoeus trispinosus from pranburi river estuary, Thailand
    (2021-03-01) Sinlapachai Senarat; Jes Kettratad; Piyakorn Boonyoung; Wannee Jiraungkoorskul; Gen Kaneko; Ezra Mongkolchaichana; Theerakamol Pengsakul; Navamindradhiraj University; University of Houston-Victoria; Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya; Chulalongkorn University; Mahidol University; Prince of Songkla University
    Knowledge of the reproductive biology of the toadfish is still limited. The present study therefore aimed to provide basic knowledge about ovarian histology in the mangrove toadfish Batrachomoeus trispinosus, a potential aquaculture species in Thailand. To this end, we performed histological analysis of the ovaries (n = 20, all females, total length 15 to 20 cm) obtained from the Pranburi River estuary, Thailand, during January to April 2017. The ovary of this species was a paired sac-like organ located in parallel to the digestive tract. We described histological details for the oocytes at following phases: oogonium, primary growth phase (further classified into perinucleolar and oil droplets-cortical alveolar steps) and secondary growth phase (early secondary growth, late secondary growth, and full-grown oocyte steps). The ovary contained oocytes at different developmental phases. Most oocytes were in the secondary growth phase (60%), although those in primary growth phase (33.33%) and a few oogonia (6.66%) were also observed. The primary growth phase was associated with accumulated lipid droplets and cortical alveoli, whereas oocytes at the secondary growth phase contained larger lipid droplets, spherical yolk granules, and associated changes of the follicular cell. Overall information from this study provided accurate ovarian features, which will support further works on the reproductive biology of this species.