Browsing by Author "Thekhawet Weluwanarak"

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    Distribution and abundance of Stomoxyini flies (Diptera: Muscidae) in Thailand
    (2012-11-01) Tanasak Changbunjong; Thekhawet Weluwanarak; Parntep Ratanakorn; Pattarapon Maneeon; Manoch Ganpanakngan; Chamnarn Apiwathnasorn; Sungsit Sungvornyothin; Patchara Sriwichai; Suchada Sumruayphol; Jiraporn Ruangsittichai; Mahidol University; Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment
    Stomoxyini flies (Diptera: Muscidae) include species of parasitic flies of medical and veterinary importance. The adult flies feed on the blood of mammals and may transmit several parasites and pathogens. We conducted an entomological survey of Stomoxyini flies from different sites in Thailand. Stomoxyini flies were collected at four major types of sites: zoos, livestock farms, wildlife conservation areas and a national park using vavoua traps between November 2010 and April 2011. A total of 3,314 Stomoxyini flies belonging to the genera Stomoxys, Haematobosca, Haematostoma and Haematobia were collected. Eight species were identified: S. calcitrans (46.6%), S. uruma (26.8%), S. pulla (4.3%), S. indicus (0.7%), S. sitiens (0.1%), H. sanguinolenta (11.2 %), H. austeni (0.5%) and H. irritans exigua (9.8%). The diversity of Stomoxyini flies in the livestock farms was higher than the other sites. Altitude correlated with the number of flies. This study provides information that may be useful for Stomoxyini flies control.
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    The distribution of Kitti's hog-nosed Bat (Craseonycteris thonglongyai) in Kanchanaburi Province
    (2013) Poonyapat Sedwisai; Tanasak Changbunjong; Tatiyanuch Chamsai; Siriporn Tangsudjai; Sukuman Rittem; Thekhawet Weluwanarak; Sineenard Jiemtaweeboon; Kanokporn Triwitayakorn; Pitchapat Hanprab; Surachit Waengsothorn; Ruangrat Buddhirongawatr; Kridsada Chaichoun; Mahidol University. Faculty of Veterinary Science; Mahidol University. Institute of Molecular Biosciences
    The distribution of Kitti's Hog-nosed Bat (Craseonycteris thonglongyai) was conducted in Saiyok District, Kanchanaburi Province using harp traps between April 2010 and April 2013. This species was found in 11 out of 24 caves; 9 in military area and 2 in conservation area. A total of 672 bats were captured in this survey. The length of the bat forearms were 23.0-26.3 mm and adults weighed between 1.22 and 5.94 g. Results of this study provide information for conservation of this bat in the area.
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    DNA barcoding of the parasitic flies, stomoxys flies (diptera: muscidae), from natural sources in Thailand
    (2013) Jiraporn Ruangsittichai; จิราภรณ์ เรืองสิทธิชัย; Tanasak Changbunjong; Thekhawet Weluwanarak; Chamnarn Apiwathnasorn; ชำนาญ อภิวัฒนศร; Sungsit Sungvornyothin; สังสิทธิ์ สังวรโยธิน; Patchara Sriwichai; พัชรา ศรีวิชัย; Suchada Sumruayphol; สุชาดา สำรวยผล; Mahidol University. Faculty of Tropical Medicine. Department of Medical Entomology
    The Stomoxys flies are known as parasitic flies allecting livestock and wildlife. They have determined as high impact in economic lost especially dairy farm. Adult flies feed on blood causing blood loss and reducing milk product. They are major irritant pests of livestock and transmit many pathogens to cattle. The Stomoxys flies were collected from many parts of Thailand. Species were firstly identified based on morphological characteristics. There are some Stomoxys species, Stomoxys indicus, Stomoxys pulla and Stomoxys uruma, which are poorly identified by morphology. DNA barcoding has been developed to solve this problem. A 657 bp of COI barcodes from five species, Stomoxys calcitrans Stomoxys indicus, Stomoxys pulla, Stomoxys sitiens and Stomoxys uruma, could be amplified. Their DNA sequences were made phylogenetic analysis and calculated sequence divergence by MEGA 5.1 program. The average of interspecific sequence divergence ranged 5.2- 12.0%. The neighbor-joining (NJ) analysis among five species of the Stomoxyini flies was analysed using K2P parameter. All of Stomoxys flies were clearly separated into each species. The DNA barcoding can be used to confirm the poorly discriminated species and is applied for managing control programs of parasitic flies.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Heavy Infestation of the Sticktight Flea (Echidnophaga gallinacea) in Dog
    (2009) Thekhawet Weluwanarak; Siriporn Tangsudjai; Seni Ngamloephochit; Tanasak Changbunjong; Mahidol University. Faculty of Veterinary Science
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    Landmark and outline-based geometric morphometrics analysis of three Stomoxys flies (Diptera: Muscidae)
    (2016-01-01) Tanasak Changbunjong; Suchada Sumruayphol; Thekhawet Weluwanarak; Jiraporn Ruangsittichai; Jean Pierre Dujardin; Mahidol University; IRD Centre de Montpellier
    © Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre CAS. Adult flies of the genus Stomoxys Geoffroy, 1762 (Diptera: Muscidae), especially S. pullus Austen, 1909, S. uruma Shinonaga et Kano, 1966 and S. indicus Picard, 1908, are morphologically similar and sometimes difficult to distinguish when using external morphological characteristics. These species may act as vectors and/or potential vectors of many pathogens (virus, bacteria and protozoa). Their correct identification is important to target the vectors involved in the transmission of the pathogens and also helps in the fly control program.The aim of the present study was to distinguish three species which are difficult to separate using traditional diagnostic characters for species of Stomoxys such as colour patterns and body proportions. Modern morphometrics, both landmark and outline-based, was used to access wing geometry of S. pullus, S. uruma and S. indicus. A total of 198 and 190 wing pictures were analysed for landmark- and outline-based approaches, respectively. Wing shape was able to separate species and sexes of the three Stomoxys flies with highly significant difference of Mahalanobis distances. The cross-validated classification scores ranged from 76% to 100% for landmark and 77% to 96% for outline-based morphometrics. The geometry of wing features appears to be a very useful, low-cost tool to distinguish among the vectors S. pullus, S. uruma and S. indicus.
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    Landmark data to distinguish and identify morphologically close tabanus spp. (diptera: Tabanidae)
    (2021-11-01) Tanasak Changbunjong; Nutnicha Prakaikowit; Photchanun Maneephan; Tipparat Kaewwiset; Thekhawet Weluwanarak; Tanawat Chaiphongpachara; Jean Pierre Dujardin; Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University; IRD Centre de Montpellier; Mahidol University
    Tabanus spp., also known as horse flies (Diptera: Tabanidae), are important vectors of several animal pathogens. Adult females of Tabanus megalops and Tabanus striatus, which are members of the T. striatus complex, are morphologically similar and hence difficult to distinguish using morphological characteristics. In addition, molecular identification by DNA barcoding is also unable to distinguish these species. These two species can occur sympatrically with Tabanus rubidus, which is morphologically similar to T. megalops and T. striatus. Wing geometric morphometrics has been widely used in various insects to distinguish morphologically similar species. This study explored the effectiveness of landmark-based geometrics at distinguishing and identifying T. megalops, T. rubidus, and T. striatus in Thailand. Specimens were collected from different geographical regions of Thailand, and only unambiguously identified specimens were used for geometric morphometric analyses. Left wings of females of T. megalops (n = 160), T. rubidus (n = 165), and T. striatus (n = 85) were photographed, and 22 wing landmarks were used for the analysis. Wing shape was able to distinguish among species with high accuracy scores, ranging from 94.38% to 99.39%. We showed that morphologically very close species of Tabanus can be reliably distinguished by the geometry of their wing venation, and we showed how our experimental material could be used as a reference to tentatively identify new field collected specimens.
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    Molecular detection and genetic diversity of bovine Babesia spp., Theileria orientalis, and Anaplasma marginale in beef cattle in Thailand
    (2017-02-01) Charoonluk Jirapattharasate; Paul Franck Adjou Moumouni; Shinuo Cao; Aiko Iguchi; Mingming Liu; Guanbo Wang; Mo Zhou; Patrick Vudriko; Artemis Efstratiou; Tanasak Changbunjong; Sivapong Sungpradit; Parntep Ratanakorn; Walasinee Moonarmart; Poonyapat Sedwisai; Thekhawet Weluwanarak; Witsanu Wongsawang; Hiroshi Suzuki; Xuenan Xuan; Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine; Mahidol University
    © 2016, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Babesia spp., Theileria orientalis, and Anaplasma marginale are significant tick-borne pathogens that affect the health and productivity of cattle in tropical and subtropical areas. In this study, we used PCR to detect the presence of Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina, and T. orientalis in 279 beef cattle from Western Thailand and A. marginale in 608 beef cattle from the north, northeastern, and western regions. The PCRs were performed using species-specific primers based on the B. bovis spherical body protein 2 (BboSBP2), B. bigemina rhoptry-associated protein 1a (BbiRAP-1a), T. orientalis major piroplasm surface protein (ToMPSP), and A. marginale major surface protein 4 (AmMSP4) genes. To determine the genetic diversity of the above parasites, amplicons of B. bovis and B. bigemina ITS1-5.8s rRNA gene-ITS2 regions (B. bovis ITS, B. bigemina ITS), ToMPSP, and AmMSP4 genes were sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. PCR results revealed that the prevalence of B. bovis, B. bigemina, T. orientalis, and A. marginale in the Western region was 11.1, 12.5, 7.8, and 39.1 %, respectively. Coinfections of two or three parasites were observed in 17.9 % of the animals sampled. The study revealed that the prevalence of A. marginale in the western region was higher than in the north and northeastern regions (7 %). Sequence analysis showed the BboSBP2 gene to be more conserved than B. bovis ITS in the different isolates and, similarly, the BbiRAP-1a was more conserved than B. bigemina ITS. In the phylogenetic analysis, T. orientalis MPSP sequences were classified into types 3, 5, and 7 as previously reported. A. marginale MSP4 gene sequences shared high identity and similarity with each other and clustered with isolates from other countries. This study provides information on the prevalence and genetic diversity of tick-borne pathogens in beef cattle and highlights the need for effective strategies to control these pathogens in Thailand.
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    Molecular epidemiology of bovine Babesia spp. and Theileria orientalis parasites in beef cattle from northern and northeastern Thailand
    (2016-02-01) Charoonluk Jirapattharasate; Paul Franck Adjou Moumouni; Shinuo Cao; Aiko Iguchi; Mingming Liu; Guanbo Wang; Mo Zhou; Patrick Vudriko; Tanasak Changbunjong; Sivapong Sungpradit; Parntep Ratanakorn; Walasinee Moonarmart; Poonyapat Sedwisai; Thekhawet Weluwanarak; Witsanu Wongsawang; Hiroshi Suzuki; Xuenan Xuan; Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine; Mahidol University
    © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. Beef cattle production represents the largest cattle population in Thailand. Their productivity is constrained by tick-borne diseases such as babesiosis and theileriosis. In this study, we determined the prevalence of Babesia bigemina, Babesia bovis and Theileria orientalis using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The genetic markers that were used for detection of the above parasites were sequenced to determine identities and similarity for Babesia spp. and genetic diversity of T. orientalis. Furthermore the risk factors for the occurrence of the above protozoan parasites in beef cattle from northern and northeastern parts of Thailand were assessed. A total of 329 blood samples were collected from beef cattle in 6 provinces. The study revealed that T. orientalis was the most prevalent (30.1%) parasite in beef cattle followed by B. bigemina (13.1%) and B. bovis (5.5%). Overall, 78.7% of the cattle screened were infected with at least one of the above parasites. Co-infection with Babesia spp. and T. orientalis was 30.1%. B. bigemina and T. orientalis were the most prevalent (15.1%) co-infection although triple infection with the three parasites was observed in 3.0% of the samples. Sequencing analysis revealed that B. bigemina RAP1 gene and B. bovis SBP2 gene were conserved among the parasites from different cattle samples. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the T. orientalis MPSP gene from parasites isolated from cattle in north and northeast Thailand was classified into types 5 and 7 as reported previously. Lack of tick control program was the universal risk factor of the occurrence of Babesia spp. and T. orientalis infection in beef cattle in northern and northeastern Thailand. We therefore recommend training of farmers on appropriate tick control strategies and further research on potential vectors for T. orientalis and elucidate the effect of co-infection with Babesia spp. on the pathogenicity of T. orientalis infection on beef in northern and northeastern Thailand.
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    Mosquito distribution and West Nile virus infection in zoos and in important sites of migratory and resident birds, Thailand
    (2012-08-01) Tanasak Changbunjong; Thekhawet Weluwanarak; Namaoy Toawan; Parut Suksai; Poonyapat Sedwisai; Tatiyanuch Chamsai; Charoonluk Jirapattharasate; Sivapong Sungpradit; Yudthana Samung; Parntep Ratanakorn; Mahidol University
    Objective: To investigate the distribution of mosquito species in the zoos and in important sites of migratory and resident birds and evaluate West Nile virus (WNV) infection in mosquito species. Methods: Mosquitoes distribution investigation was carried out bimonthly from January 2009 to December 2010 in five areas of birds, Thailand by using Centers for Disease Control, light traps, and gravid traps. Mosquitoes were identified, pooled into groups of up to 50 mosquitoes by species, places and time of collection and tested for WNV infection by viral isolation and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Results: A total of 66 597 mosquitoes comprising 26 species in 8 genera were collected. The five most abundant mosquito species collected were Culex tritaeniorhynchus (79.3%), Culex vishnui (8.2%), Culex sitiens (6%), Culex quinquefasciatus (3.3%) and Anopheles peditaeniatus (1.1%). All 1 736 mosquito pools were negative for viral isolation and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Conclusion: This study provides new information on number of mosquito species present and their relative abundance. Although our s tudy found no evidence of WNV in the avifaunal sources of Thailand, mosquito active surveillance should be continuously conducted. The cooperation between related organizations is needed for early detection of WNV disease and development of effective veterinary and public health policies in this region. © 2012 Asian Pacific Tropical Medicine Press.
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    New records and DNA barcoding of deer flies, Chrysops (Diptera: Tabanidae) in Thailand
    (2020-10-01) Tanasak Changbunjong; Thekhawet Weluwanarak; Poonyapat Sedwisai; Jiraporn Ruangsittichai; Gerard Duvallet; Theeraphap Chareonviriyaphap; Kasetsart University; Mahidol University; Universite Paul-Valery Montpellier III
    © 2020 Elsevier B.V. Chrysops spp. or deer flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) are hematophagous flies of medical and veterinary importance and some species are important vectors of Trypanosoma evansi, the causative agent of surra in Thailand. However, data regarding deer fly species and their molecular identification are limited. Accurate species identification will indicate the appropriate control measures. In this study, an entomological survey of deer flies from different sites in Thailand between May 2018 and June 2019 were conducted. In addition, mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) barcoding region was used for species identification. A total of 82 females were collected and 6 species were identified. Of these, three species are new records for Thailand: C. designatus, C. fuscomarginalis and C. vanderwulpi bringing the species total found in Thailand to nine. The COI sequences revealed an intraspecific divergence of 0.0%–2.65% and an interspecific divergence of 7.03%–13.47%. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all deer fly species were clearly separated into distinct clusters according to morphologically identified species. These results indicated that COI barcodes were capable in discriminating between deer fly species on the basis of the barcoding gap and phylogenetic analysis. Therefore, DNA barcoding is a valuable tool for species identification of deer flies in Thailand.
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    Occurrence of ectoparasites on rodents in Sukhothai province, Northern Thailand
    (2010-11-01) Tanasak Changbunjong; Thekhawet Weluwanarak; Tatiyanuch Chamsai; Poonyapat Sedwisai; Seni Ngamloephochit; Sarin Suwanpakdee; Plern Yongyuttawichai; Anuwat Wiratsudakul; Kridsada Chaichoun; Parntep Ratanakorn; Mahidol University
    A survey of ectoparasites on rodents was carried out bimonthly from April 2008 to March 2009 in 3 districts of Sukhothai Province, northern Thailand. A total of 130 rodents comprising 8 species of hosts were captured and examined for ectoparasites. The hosts examined were Bandicota indica, Bandicota savilei, Rattus losea, Rattus rattus, Rattus exulans, Rattus norvegicus, Menetes berdmorei and Tamiops mcclellandii. Ninety-seven ectoparasites were collected: 1 species of tick (Hemaphysalis bandicota), 2 species of mites (Laelaps nuttali and Laelaps echidninus), and 1 species of flea (Xenopsylla cheopis) were identified. The infestation rates by ticks, mites and fleas on the rodents were 0.77, 5.38 and 6.15%, respectively. Monitoring the rodent population and their ectoparasites is important for future planning of prevention and control of zoonotic diseases in the area.
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    The pests of a pest: A systematic review of ectoparasitic fauna among synanthropic rodents in the 21st century with meta-analysis
    (2021-03-01) Jeffery Ho; Tanasak Changbunjong; Thekhawet Weluwanarak; Sabir Hussain; Olivier Sparagano; University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore; City University of Hong Kong; Mahidol University
    Synanthropic rodents are important urban pests that frequently carry hematophagous ectoparasites. These blood-sucking pests are capable of transmitting epizootic and zoonotic pathogens by landing on one host after feeding on an infected animal. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of ectoparasites carried by synanthropic rodents and discuss the pathogens that are associated with these external parasites. We searched relevant literatures using predefined criteria in the following databases: EMBASE, PUBMED, Web of Science and Scopus from January 2000 to June 2020. Quality of studies was evaluated using Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS). Of 35 included studies from 15 countries in Africa, America, Asia, Europe and Oceania, black rats (R. rattus), brown rats (R. norvegicus), pacific rats (R. exulans) and house mice (Mus musculus) were common synanthropic rodents. Mites (Mesostigmata, Sarcoptiformes and Trombidiformes) were the most prevalent (42.6%, 95% CI 26–59.2), followed by ticks (Ixodida) (21.5%, 95% CI 10.5–32.6), lice (Phthiraptera) (17.8%, 95% CI 7.7–27.9) and fleas (Siphonaptera) (14.1%, 95% CI 10.1–18.1). Heterogeneity (I2>96%) across studies was statistically significant. The ectoparasitic fauna was shared considerably by different urban rodent species and appeared to be more diverse in R. rattus and R. norvegicus. Nonetheless, pathogens carried by these ectoparasites were rarely investigated. In conclusion, ectoparasites are ubiquitous in urban-dwelling rodents but our understanding of the epidemiology and the associated pathogens of these parasites remains limited. Further studies are warranted to unravel the pathogen landscape found in rodent-associated ectoparasites.
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    A Redescription of Felicola (Paradoxuroecus) bengalensis (Werneck, 1948) (Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae) from a common palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus) in Thailand
    (2011-11-01) Tanasak Changbunjong; Pirom Prompiram; Thekhawet Weluwanarak; Ruangrat Buddhirongawatr; Mahidol University
    The chewing louse species, Felicola (Paradoxuroecus) bengalensis (Werneck, 1948) (Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae) has been previously described based on the morphology of the head, abdomen, genitalia and the shape and the presence of abdominal tergites. However, such studies lack detailed biometrical data. In this study, chewing lice from a common palm civet, Paradoxurus hermaphroditus Pallas, 1777 (Carnivora: Viverridae), captured from the reserved forest in Western Thailand, is redescribed and illustrated using three male and three female specimens. Detailed morphological data were gathered on these louse species, which strongly supplements previous descriptions and can also be used for monitoring the health status of the common palm civet population.
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    Retinal lesion in a Toxoplasma gondii seropositive Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris) in a private zoo, Kanchanaburi Province
    (2015) Areerat Kongcharoen; Ruangrat Buddhirongawatr; Siriporn Tungsudjai; Nareerat Sangkhachai; Poonyapat Sedwisai; Thekhawet Weluwanarak; Tatiyanuch Chamsai; Mahidol University. Faculty of Veterinary Science. Prasu-Arthorn Veterinary Teaching Hospital; Mahidol University. Faculty of Veterinay Science. Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Disease in Wildlife and Exotic Animals
    One of 25 Bengal tigers (Panthera tigris) at a private zoo in Kanchanaburi Province had seropositive against Toxoplasma gondii infection. The animals were physical and ophthalmic examined during routine annual health check in February, 2013. All of them appeared in normal condition and had no signs of illness. Their blood was tested negative for feline leukemia virus, feline immunodeficiency virus, feline infectious peritonitis virus and Toxoplasma gondii using molecular detection of viral antigen. The serological test for T. gondii infection was performed by latex agglutination test. The seropositive tiger was a 9 years old female tiger which ophthalmic examination also shown a retinal lesion, a spot of hyperreflective area in right fundus of the right eye. T. gondii had been shown to implicate as a major contributor to retinal lesions in felids. Serological evidence and lesion found in the Bengal tiger in this study consistent with T. gondii infection. Hence, it was considered as a potential cause. Further study should be performed to confirm the infection and to identify risk factors for prevention.
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    Retinal lesion in a Toxoplasma gondii seropositive Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris) in a private zoo, Kanchanaburi Province
    (2015) Areerat Kongcharoen; Ruangrat Buddhirongawatr; Siriporn Tungsudjai; Nareerat Sangkhachai; Poonyapat Sedwisai; Thekhawet Weluwanarak; Tatiyanuch Chamsai; Mahidol University. Faculty of Veterinary Science
    One of 25 Bengal tigers (Panthera tigris) at a private zoo in Kanchanaburi Province had seropositive against Toxoplasma gondii infection. The animals were physical and ophthalmic examined during routine annual health check in February, 2013. All of them appeared in normal condition and had no signs of illness. Their blood was tested negative for feline leukemia virus, feline immunodeficiency virus, feline infectious peritonitis virus and Toxoplasma gondii using molecular detection of viral antigen. The serological test for T. gondii infection was performed by latex agglutination test. The seropositive tiger was a 9 years old female tiger which ophthalmic examination also shown a retinal lesion, a spot of hyperreflective area in right fundus of the right eye. T. gondii had been shown to implicate as a major contributor to retinal lesions in felids. Serological evidence and lesion found in the Bengal tiger in this study consistent with T. gondii infection. Hence, it was considered as a potential cause. Further study should be performed to confirm the infection and to identify risk factors for prevention.
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    Seasonal abundance and potential of Japanese encephalitis virus infection in mosquitoes at the nesting colony of ardeid birds, Thailand
    (2013-01-01) Tanasak Changbunjong; Thekhawet Weluwanarak; Namaoy Taowan; Parut Suksai; Tatiyanuch Chamsai; Poonyapat Sedwisai; Mahidol University
    Objective: To investigate the abundance and seasonal dynamics of mosquitoes, and to detect Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in these mosquitoes at the nesting colony of ardeid birds. Methods: Mosquitoes were collected bimonthly from July 2009 to May 2010 by Centers for Disease Control. Light traps and dry ice, as a source of CO2, were employed to attract mosquitoes. Mosquitoes were first identified, pooled into groups of upto 50 mosquitoes by species, and tested for JEV infection by viral isolation and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Results: A total of 20 370 mosquitoes comprising 14 species in five genera were collected. The five most abundant mosquito species collected were Culex tritaeniorhynchus (95.46%), Culex vishnui (2.68%), Culex gelidus (0.72%), Anopheles peditaeniatus (0.58%) and Culex quinquefasciatus (0.22%). Mosquito peak densities were observed in July. All of 416 mosquito pools were negative for JEV. Conclusions: This study provides new information about mosquito species and status of JEV infection in mosquitoes in Thailand. Further study should be done to continue a close survey for the presence of this virus in the ardeid birds. © 2013 Asian Pacific Tropical Biomedical Magazine.
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    Species diversity and abundance of Tabanus spp. (Diptera: Tabanidae) in different habitats of Thailand
    (2018-03-01) Tanasak Changbunjong; Poonyapat Sedwisi; Thekhawet Weluwanarak; Eakanan Nitiyamatawat; Rattana Sariwongchan; Theeraphap Chareonviriyaphap; Kasetsart University; Mahidol University
    © 2017 Tabanus spp. or horse flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) are haematophagous flies of medical and veterinary importance. They are known to cause trypanosomosis or surra in domestic and wild animals in Thailand. This study conducted an entomological survey of horse flies from different sites in Thailand. Horse flies were collected from three different habitats: primary forests, secondary forests and villages using Nzi traps between April 2012 and December 2016. A total of 1835 female horse flies were collected and 45 species were identified. The five most abundant species were T. striatus (25.45%), followed by T. megalops (21.36%), T. rubidus (14.82%), T. tamthaiorum (7.90%) and T. oxybeles (6.38%). The highest proportion of horse flies was collected in villages (39.13%), followed by primary forests (34%) and secondary forests (26.87%). The species diversity of horse flies in primary forests was higher than in other habitats. The results of this study may be used for a horse fly control program.
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    Species identification of horse flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) in Thailand using DNA barcoding
    (2018-08-15) Tanasak Changbunjong; Benjaporn Bhusri; Poonyapat Sedwisai; Thekhawet Weluwanarak; Eakanan Nitiyamatawat; Theeraphap Chareonviriyaphap; Jiraporn Ruangsittichai; Kasetsart University; Mahidol University
    © 2018 Horse flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) are of medical and veterinary importance because they are known to transmit pathogens. Approximately 80 species of horse flies have been reported in Thailand. Monitoring the distribution of horse fly species is important to control the spread of diseases transmitted by them. Currently, the species identification of horse flies is based on their morphology; this requires considerable skills and taxonomic expertise, and it may be difficult to identify morphologically similar species. DNA-based identification methods are increasingly being developed for rapid and accurate identification of various insect species. In this study, we used mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) for species identification of horse flies in Thailand. A 658 bp fragment of COI was amplified from 145 adult horse flies belonging to 48 morphologically distinct species and sequenced. Sequence analysis revealed an intraspecific divergence of 0.0%–4.4% and an interspecific divergence of 0.0%–16.2%. Our results showed that COI barcodes were effective in discriminating a majority of horse flies in Thailand on the basis of the barcoding gap and phylogenetic analyses. However, COI barcodes were unable to distinguish among members of the Tabanus striatus complex and some species within the T. ceylonicus group.
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    Stomoxyini fly fauna of the Khao Yai National Park, Thailand
    (2013-10-01) Tanasak Changbunjong; Thekhawet Weluwanarak; Poonyapat Sedwisai; Tatiyanuch Chamsai; Mahidol University
    Objective: To determine species diversity, relative population abundance and diurnal activity of the Stomoxyini flies at the Khao Yai National Park. Methods: Stomoxyini flies were collected bimonthly from February to June, 2012, using Vavoua traps. Species were identified based on morphological characteristics. Results: A total of 712 individuals of 3 genera and 6 species were captured including Stomoxys calcitrans (13.3%), Stomoxys indicus (0.7%), Stomoxys pullus (44.4%), Stomoxys uruma (19.7%), Haematobosca sanguinolenta (19.2%) and Haematostoma austeni (2.7%). Conclusions: This study provides information about Stomoxyini flies fauna at the Khao Yai National Park. These results may be useful for Stomoxyini fly control programs. © 2013 Asian Pacific Tropical Medicine Press.
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    ความหลากหลายของสัตว์เลี้ยงลูกด้วยนมขนาดเล็กในพื้นที่ปกปักพันธุกรรมพืชเขาวังเขมร จังหวัดกาญจนบุรี
    (2563) ตติยนุช แช่มใส; นรีรัตน์ สังขะไชย; พีรวัส วงษ์ลือชัย; ปุญญพัฒน์ เศศวิสัย; ทิฆเวท เวฬุวนารักษ์; รวงรัตน์ พุทธรงควัตร; กฤษฏา ใจชื้น; อินทุอร เจือนาค; Tatiyanuch Chamsai; Nareerat Sangkachai; Peerawat Wongluechai; Poonyapat Sedwisai; Thekhawet Weluwanarak; Ruangrat Buddhirongawate; Kridsada Chaichoen; Inthuon Juenak; มหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล. คณะสัตวแพทยศาสตร์. ภาควิชาเวชศาสตร์คลินิกและการสาธารณสุข; มหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล. คณะสัตวแพทยศาสตร์. ภาควิชาปรีคลินิกและสัตวศาสตร์ประยุกต์; มหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล. คณะสัตวแพทยศาสตร์. ศูนย์เฝ้าระวังและติดตามโรคจากสัตว์ป่า สัตว์ต่างถิ่น และสัตว์อพยพ
    สัตว์เลี้ยงลูกด้วยนมขนาดเล็กอันดับสัตว์ฟันแทะอันดับกระแตสามารถพบได้ทั่วไปในประเทศไทย สัตว์เหล่านี้ช่วยในการกระจายพืชพันธุ์และมีบทบาทสำคัญในห่วงโซ่อาหาร แต่ในทางตรงกันข้าม ยังพบว่าสัตว์จำพวกนี้ได้ทำลายผลผลิตทางการเกษตรและเป็นพาหะของโรคติดต่อได้ การศึกษานี้จึงมีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาความหลากหลายของชนิดพันธุ์สัตว์เลี้ยงลูกด้วยนมขนาดเล็กในพื้นที่ปกปักพันธุกรรมพืชเขาวังเขมร จังหวัดกาญจนบุรี ระหว่างปี 2558-2560 ผู้วิจัยได้วางกรงดักจำนวน 60 กรง ปีละ 3 ครั้ง ครั้งละ 3 คืนติดต่อกัน และมีการเก็บข้อมูลทางกายภาพเบื้องต้นของสัตว์ที่จับได้จากนั้นจึงคำนวณดัชนีความหลากหลายและดัชนีการกระจายตัวด้วยวิธี Shannon-Wiener จากการศึกษาทั้งสิ้น 1, 620 กับดักคืน พบความสำเร็จในการวางกรงคิดเป็นร้อยละ 9.14 โดยพบสัตว์เลี้ยงลูกด้วยนมขนาดเล้กทั้งหมด 2 อันดับ 3 วงศ์ 9 ชนิด 148 ตัว แบ่งเป็น อันดับสัตว์ฟันเทะ (Rodentia) จำนวน 142 ตัว และอันดับกระแต (Scandentia) จำนวน 6 ตัว ชนิดที่พบมากที่สุด คือ หนูถ้ำ (Leopoldamys neilli) รองลงมา คือ หนูฟานเหลือง (Maxomys surifer) โดยพื้นที่เขาหินปูนใกล้แม่น้ำแควน้อยมีค่าดัชนีความหลากหลายและดัชนีการกระจายตัวสูงกว่าพื้นที่ป่าใกล้พิพิธภัณฑ์ช่องเขาขาด ผลาจากการศึกษานี้สามารถใช้เป็นข้อมูลพื้นฐานในการศึกษาค้นคว้าเชิงลึกรวมทั้งช่วยในการจัดการการอนุรักษ์สัตว์ป่าเหล่านี้ต่อไป ในอนาคต