Browsing by Author "Umaporn Pattaravanich"

Filter results by typing the first few letters
Now showing 1 - 17 of 17
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    An analysis of implementation of policies for elimination of industrially-produced trans fatty acids in Thailand : content, context, process, and actors
    (Mahidol University. Mahidol University Library and Knowledge Center, 2022) Weerapak Samsiripong; Sirinya Phulkerd; Umaporn Pattaravanich; ,Manasigan Kanchanachitra
    As a risk factor of non-communicable diseases, industrially-produced trans fatty acids (IP-TFAs) should be eliminated. The objectives of this research were 1) to analyze existing government policies and actions in eliminating IP-TFAs in Thailand, 2) to assess the current implementation of government policies and actions in eliminating IP-TFAs in Thailand using the WHO’s REPLACE action package, 3) to analyze characteristics and involvement of key stakeholders in implementing the WHO’s REPLACE action package in Thailand, 4) to identify challenges and opportunities to implement the WHO’s REPLACE action package in Thailand, and 5) to provide policy recommendations for enhancing the implementation in eliminating IP-TFAs in Thailand. This qualitative research used documentary review and in-depth interviews for data collection. Policy documents, academic articles, and news archives were searched. 20 policy actors from governmental, academic, civil society, and industrial sectors participated in the interview. Data were coded in line with Policy Triangle Framework. Thematic analysis was employed in the data analysis. The results revealed that the content, context, process, and actors were the forces contributing to the complexities of existing government policies and actions in eliminating IP-TFAs in Thailand. However, though the Notification of the Ministry of Public Health. No. 388 B.E.2561 (2018). RE: Prescribed Prohibited Food to be Produced, Imported, or Sold was already enacted, Thailand needed further actions in the REview, Promote, Legislate, Assess, Create, and Enforce modules in order to ensure the comprehensiveness of IP-TFA elimination. In order to push forward the policy change, the characteristics (knowledge, position, interest, influence, and alliances) and involvement (bipartite, tripartite, and quadripartite involvement patterns) of stakeholders were analyzed. Furthermore, the challenges and opportunities in establishing a task force, promoting availability of replacement oils and avoiding potential risks, legislating complementary policies, improving laboratory standards and measures for population intake, clearing the misconception, and enhancing potential violations were identified. While the food supply approach to IP-TFA elimination was deemed effective in contrast to other policy options, the complexities of IP-TFA consumption should also be addressed. To address this implementation gap, Thailand should adopt the REPLACE action package and require the involved parties to implement the actions. Public health nutrition, health economics, and policy research should be supported to ensure the sustainability of the actions. Implication of the Thesis: This thesis provided policy recommendations and research recommendations for enhancing the implementation in eliminating IP-TFAs in Thailand in coherence with the REPLACE action package based on the analysis of content, context, process, and actors, which were useful for policy implementation by governmental, academic, civil society, and industrial sectors.
  • Thumbnail Image
    PublicationOpen Access
    An analysis of factors to improve the capacity and value of older persons in Thailand
    (2016-01) Thirapong Santiphop; Umaporn Pattaravanich; Mahidol University. Institute for Population and Social Research
    The capacity and value of older persons is affected by physical activity and functional health factors. This study, based on a survey of 636 persons in Singburi, Pathum Thani and Nakhon Ratchasima provinces, applies logistic regression to analyze the factors influencing the value and capacity of older persons. Factor analysis identifies three significant factors: (1) physical activity (24% of variance); (2) functional health, which had high loading, variance and cumulative variance (32%); and (3) social functioning, which also had high loading, variance and cumulative variance (39%). Logistic regression found that heavy exertion (i.e., running fast, lifting heavy objects, and strenuous sports activity), gender, hypertension, faintness, wooziness and dizziness had positive predictive values, and these were statistically significant predictors of the current employment status of older persons. Heavy exertion, membership in a senior citizens group, gender and faintness, wooziness and dizziness, with statistically significant positive predictive values, were best able to predict the value of older persons as measured by their contribution to community services and assistance to their family. These findings suggest that improved capacity and value of older persons can be positively influenced by physical activity and functional health as well as social functioning factors.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    PublicationMetadata only
    Birth cohorts, marriage patterns, and contraceptive methods used among women in contemporary Myanmar
    (2020-02-19) Nyein Chan; Yothin Sawangdee; Umaporn Pattaravanich; Charamporn Holumyong; Aphichat Chamratrithirong; Mahidol University
    ©, Nyein Chan, Yothin Sawangdee, Umaporn Pattaravanich, Charamporn Holumyong and Aphichat Chamratrithirong. Purpose: The total fertility rate in Myanmar stands low in comparison to neighboring countries. This decrease in the birth rate will lead to a decline in the number of young Burmese in the future, an issue that is of concern to the Myanmar government. The purpose of this study was to review the contributing factors to marriage and birth rates and to also review the use of contraception among married women. Design/methodology/approach: This quantitative research study was based on cross-sectional secondary data available from the Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey 2015–2016. The study sample included 6,138 women of reproductive age. Findings: The proportion of unmarried women and the mean age at the first marriage date in the early cohort was higher than that of the women who were born in the later cohort. The study shows that birth cohort, female labor force participation, migration, wealth index, and media exposure are significant in explaining marriage types and patterns (p < 0.05). The injection and the pill were the most popular contraceptive methods for both cohorts. Other methods such as intrauterine devices, implants, and condoms were not as popular. Originality/value: This paper presents the birth cohort, female labor force participation, migration, wealth index, and media exposure as key factors for determining the timing of marriage.
  • Thumbnail Image
    PublicationOpen Access
    Does living apart from parents or school enrollment matter to adolescents’ mental health risk?
    (2014-07) Umaporn Pattaravanich; Aphichat Chamratrithirong; Rossarin Gray; Mahidol University. Institute for Population and Social Research
    The objective of this study is to examine the effects of the presence of parents and school enrollment on mental health among youths aged 15 years. The study employs data from a survey on mental health among 5,238 youths aged 15 who applied for an identification card for the first time at district offices of three provinces from the northern and central regions including Bangkok between March 2009 and April 2010. Findings show that youths who are attending school, whether their parents are present or absent from the household, are less likely to have mental health risks than those who are out of school. This implies that schooling is more important for adolescent mental health outcomes than the presence of parents. Hence, educational services need to enhance or convince youth and their families that they should stay in school as long as possible. Moreover, educational services need to find resources to support low-income students so that they are able to remain in school.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    ItemMetadata only
    Effect of family and peer connectedness on tobacco and alcohol consumption among high school adolescents in the Northern Shan State, Myanmar
    (Mahidol University. Mahidol University Library and Knowledge Center, 2007) Maung Maung Than Htike; Orapin Pitakmahaket; Umaporn Pattaravanich
  • No Thumbnail Available
    PublicationMetadata only
    Happiness Among Adolescent Students in Thailand: Family and Non-Family Factors
    (2013-01-01) Rossarin Soottipong Gray; Aphichat Chamratrithirong; Umaporn Pattaravanich; Pramote Prasartkul; Mahidol University
    This paper explores family and non-family factors contributing to happiness among students aged 15-18 in Thailand. Data come from the Social and Cultural Situation and Mental Health Survey (n = 905). Based on regression analysis, family factors are more important than non- family factors in explaining the variations in adolescents' happiness. Regarding the family domain, those who reported sufficient time spent with family members and highest level of love and connectedness were happiest. Those living in a two-parent family were happiest, followed by those living with a married father or a married mother (in a single parent family). Those living in an unmarried mother family were unhappiest, controlling for household economic status. These findings highlight the important role of a father in a country with a matrilocal family system. Regarding non-family factors, adolescents with the highest school attendance, highest self-esteem, and highest economic status who also regularly participated in extracurricular activities were happiest. Adolescents who were older and who had to do chores regularly tended to be less happy than their peers. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
  • Thumbnail Image
    PublicationOpen Access
    Health service providers and users' opinions of maternal health services in Bangkok metropolis
    (1991-07) Boonlert Leoprapai; บุญเลิศ เลียวประไพ; Anthony Pramualratana; Buppha Sirirassamee; บุปผา ศิริรัศมี; Kanchana Tangchonlatip; กาญจนา ตั้งชลทิพย์; Umaporn Pattaravanich; อุมาภรณ์ ภัทรวาณิชย์; Mahidol University. Institute for Population and Social Research
    With a view to finding out about the opinions of both health service providers and users on maternal health services in Bangkok Metropolis, the study using the qualitative data collection methods was conducted. An in-depth interview of health personnel at two general hospitals and three Bangkok Metropolis Administration (BMA) health centers and two focus group discussions were carried out. Participants of the focus group discussions are residents of the two low income communities who were either pregnant or who had given births for not more than three months at the time of the study. According to the health service providers at administrative and working levels, equipment, medical supplies and other necessary facilities are adequate. What is problematic is that there is not enough nurses to cope with the large number of patients or to provide maternal and child health service in the communities. The lack of empathy of doctors toward nurses as well as patients has been mentioned quite frequently by both health service providers and users. Participants at the focus group discussions were of the opinion male doctors tended to have a warmer and friendlier attitudes. Health service providers at the hospital were of the opinion that if more personnel is added and more or less equal treatment of doctors and nurses is instituted, the unit would be able to functions efficiently. Health service provider providers at BMA health centers which provide only pre- and post-natal services were of the opinion that efficient referral network both within Bangkok Metropolis and between Bangkok Metropolis and the provinces is needed. Since health service providers at BMA health centers have to deal with a large number of migrant pregnant women and mothers, they were of the opinion that this group of persons should be instilled the value of getting their files from the health centers before they move out of the areas to enable them to use any health enter in the city or in the country for regular ANC or PNC visits. For health service users, the most important reason for using a particular health unit is ‘convenience’ not the good or bad experience they ever have or the positive or negative information of the particular health service unit they have ever heard.
  • Thumbnail Image
    PublicationOpen Access
    How is wealth transfer related to child mortality?
    (2001-07) Umaporn Pattaravanich; อุมาภรณ์ ภัทรวาณิชย์; Mahidol University. Institute for Population and Social Research
    The objective of this paper is to apply Caldwell's wealth flows theory to child mortality and health comparing Thailand with the Philippines. Data show that the relationship between women's status, particularly women's economic participation and infant and child mortality through the wealth-flow attitude of parents.
  • Thumbnail Image
    PublicationOpen Access
    The Impact of parental migration on the health of children living separately from parents: a case study of Kanchanaburi, Thailand
    (2012-01) Adhikari, Ramesh; Aree Jampaklay; อารี จำปากลาย; Aphichat Chamratrithirong; อภิชาติ จำรัสฤทธิรงค์; Richter, Kerry; Umaporn Pattaravanich; อุมาภรณ์ ภัทรวาณิชย์; Mahidol University. Institute for Population and Social Research
    An increasing number of parents are migrating to seek jobs elsewhere while leaving young children in the care of others, and little is known about the consequences for children. This study examines the impact of parental out-migration on the physical health of children left behind. Data for this paper were taken from the 2007 survey of migration and health from Kanchanaburi, Thailand. A total of 11,241 children who have both parents were included in the survey. The study found that 14.5% of children had either one or both migrant parents. Overall, 25.5% of all children had an illness during the month prior to the survey. Analysis reveals that having one migrant parent was independently associated with a higher likelihood of an illness (odds ratio of mother migrant children = 1.37; odds ratio of father migrant children =1.23) than those with no parents or both parents migrating. The findings suggest that strategies to alleviate the negative impact of parental migration as well as to maintain and enhance the well-being of families, especially of the children left behind are warranted.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    PublicationMetadata only
    The Impact of Parental Migration on the Mental Health of Children Left Behind
    (2013-01-01) Ramesh Adhikari; Aree Jampaklay; Aphichat Chamratrithirong; Kerry Richter; Umaporn Pattaravanich; Patama Vapattanawong; Tribhuvan University; Mahidol University
    © 2013, Springer Science+Business Media New York. This study aims to examine the impact of parental international migration on the mental health of children left behind. Data for this paper were taken from the “Child Health and Migrant Parents in South-East Asia, Thailand, 2008” project. A total of 1,030 children (519 from emigrant parents and 511 from non-migrant parents) were covered. Data were collected from the caregivers of children using the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. Multivariate analyses were performed to determine the association between parental migration and the mental health status of children left behind. Several factors were significantly associated with children’s mental health. Our study did not find any association between current parental migration status and mental health status of the children left behind. The study found, however, that mother’s earlier migration history had a significant, independent association with mental health problems of the children left behind. Therefore, effective strategies to prevent such mental health problems among children are warranted.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    ItemMetadata only
    Inequality and community participation in education management
    (Mahidol University. Mahidol University Library and Knowledge Center, 2023) Umaporn Pattaravanich; Kritaya Archavanitkul
  • No Thumbnail Available
    PublicationMetadata only
    Inequality and educational investment in Thai children
    (2005-01-01) Umaporn Pattaravanich; Lindy B. Williams; Thomas A. Lyson; Kritaya Archavanitkul; Mahidol University; Cornell University
    In this paper we examine differences in upper secondary school attendance among subgroups of the population in Thailand. We ascertain where inequalities continue to exist and where they have been mediated. We analyze data from samples of the 1990 and 2000 Thai censuses. We find that the gender gap favoring boys has closed at the national level and that girls now transition to upper secondary school more often than do boys. Inequalities still exist according to socioeconomic background of families. Rural-urban differences have narrowed considerably since 1990, but they continue to be observed, particularly in certain parts of the country. Similarly, differences between Muslims and others appear to have lessened over the last decade, but Muslims continue to be disadvantaged compared to others, particularly in the South. Copyright © 2005 by the Rural Sociological Society.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    PublicationMetadata only
    Internal and external resources, tiredness and the subjective well-being of family caregivers of older adults: a case study from western Thailand, Southeast Asia
    (2019-01-01) Rossarin Soottipong Gray; Umaporn Pattaravanich; Mahidol University
    © 2019, Springer Nature B.V. This study examined the effects of several aspects of care-giving on the subjective well-being (SWB) of family caregivers of older adults. These aspects were comprised of external resources including social support, affection, and internal resources including confidence, positive appraisal and coping strategies, and tiredness. The level of happiness (0–10) was used as the gauge of SWB. The data were from a cross-sectional study of 270 primary family caregivers in western Thailand. Multiple regression models controlling for age, gender, kinship to care for recipients, self-rated health, duration and hours of care-giving were estimated. Both social support in terms of appreciation and admiration for care-giving, as opposed to such care being considered a caregivers’ duty, as well as inner strength derived from a positive attitude and self-perceived ability in care-giving were positively associated with SWB. Tiredness had a significant negative association with SWB. The implications of these findings for policy and intervention programs are discussed.
  • Thumbnail Image
    PublicationOpen Access
    Perceived negative and positive impacts of redefining older persons in Thailand
    (2015-01) Rossarin Soottipong Gray; Umaporn Pattaravanich; Chalermpol Chamchan; Pramote Prasartkul; Mahidol University. Institute for Population and Social Research
    “Older” in many countries has been defined as a chronological age of either 60 or 65 years or older. Due to a rapidly growing aging population in Thailand, as well as state welfare payments and improved health, this study aims to explore how Thai people define “older person” and what perceived psychosocial and health impacts may occur if “older person” is redefined. Forty-five focus group discussions were conducted using working-age groups and older-persons’ groups from major occupations in all regions. The findings reveal that the perceived current definition of “older persons” is those aged 60 and older, and it carries with it negative and positive connotations. Most participants felt that it would be appropriate to consider a revised definition of “older person” if the following criteria were taken into consideration: (1) chronological age only, but raised to age 65 or 70; (2) chronological age and positive attributes; (3) positive attributes only; and (4) no criteria at all. Rival patterns were also discussed. The perceived positive impacts included better mental health, longer employment and increased value of older people. Reduced job opportunities for younger people and a shortage of home care providers for grandchildren were reported as the negative impacts. The challenge is how to incorporate a suitable multidimensional definition into a new concept of older person.
  • Thumbnail Image
    PublicationOpen Access
    The relative importance of family and education influences on attitudes to family size among Thai single youths
    (2001-01) Umaporn Pattaravanich; อุมาภรณ์ ภัทรวาณิชย์; Mahidol University. Institute for Population and Social Research
  • No Thumbnail Available
    PublicationMetadata only
    The role of structural and process quality of family planning Care in Modern Contraceptive use in Indonesia: a multilevel analysis
    (2021-12-01) Nurjaeni Nurjaeni; Yothin Sawangdee; Umaporn Pattaravanich; Charamporn Holumyong; Aphichat Chamratrithirong; Mahidol University
    Introduction: Despite contraceptive behaviors are influenced by multiple and multilevel variables, studies on modern contraceptive use in Indonesia has concentrated on single-level and mostly individual and household variables, and less interest has been devoted to multilevel analysis that accounts for community and SDP characteristics that may affect woman’s decision to use modern FP method. This study aimed to assess the role of structural and process quality of family planning care in modern contraceptive use among women in reproductive ages in Indonesia. Methods: This study analyzed data from the 2016 PMA2020 survey of 10,210 women in 372 enumeration areas in Indonesia. The data were analyzed using categorical principal component analysis and multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression. Results: The key variables for structural quality were number of contraceptive provided, SDP supports CHWs, available water and electricity, and skilled FP personnel, while the main factors for process quality were privacy of clients and provision of post-abortion service. There were significant differences across communities in how study variables associated with modern FP adoption. The finding shows the evidence of significant roles of structural and process quality FP care in modern contraceptive use. Moreover, women with high autonomy in FP decision, those who had free national/district health insurance, and those living in a community with higher proportion of women visited by CHW, had higher odds of modern contraceptive usage. Yet, women who live in a community with higher mean ideal number of children or greater proportion of women citing personal/husband/religion opposition to FP, had lower odds of modern contraceptive use than their counterparts. Conclusion: Study findings suggest improvement in structural and process quality of FP care will yield substantial growths in modern contraceptive use. Moreover, FP workers should also address adverse cultural/traditional customs in community and should target communities where the demand for modern FP was degraded by opposing social beliefs and norms. There was significant variation across communities in how individual, household, community, and SDP factors affect modern FP practice, hence, context should be taken into consideration in the development of FP intervention and promotion programs.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    ItemMetadata only
    Youth in contemporary Thailand : results from the family and youth survey
    (1995) Chai Podhista; Umaporn Pattaravanich; Mahidol University. Institute for Population and Social Research