Browsing by Author "University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences"

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    Cryptococcal immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV-1-infected individuals: proposed clinical case definitions
    (2010-11-01) Lewis J. Haddow; Robert Colebunders; Graeme Meintjes; Stephen D. Lawn; Julian H. Elliott; Yukari C. Manabe; Paul R. Bohjanen; Somnuek Sungkanuparph; Philippa J. Easterbrook; Martyn A. French; David R. Boulware; King's College London; The Nelson R. Mandela Medical School; Prins Leopold Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde; Universiteit Antwerpen; University of Cape Town; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine; University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences; Alfred Hospital; Macfarlane Burnet Institute for Medical Research; Makerere University; The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Mahidol University; University of Western Australia; Royal Perth Hospital
    Cryptococcal immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) may present as a clinical worsening or new presentation of cryptococcal disease after initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART), and is thought to be caused by recovery of cryptococcus-specific immune responses. We have reviewed reports of cryptococcal IRIS and have developed a consensus case definition specifically for paradoxical crytopcoccal IRIS in patients with HIV-1 and known cryptococcal disease before ART, and a separate definition for incident cryptococcosis developed during ART (termed ART-associated cryptococcosis), for which a proportion of cases are likely to be unmasking cryptococcal IRIS. These structured case definitions are intended to aid design of future clinical, epidemiological, and immunopathological studies of cryptococcal IRIS, to standardise diagnostic criteria, and to facilitate comparisons between studies. As for definitions of tuberculosis-associated IRIS, definitions for cryptococcal IRIS should be regarded as preliminary until further insights into the immunopathology of IRIS permit their refinement. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
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    Global Matrix 3.0 physical activity Report Card grades for children and youth: Results and analysis from 49 countries
    (2018-11-01) Salomé Aubert; Joel D. Barnes; Chalchisa Abdeta; Patrick Abi Nader; Ade F. Adeniyi; Nicolas Aguilar-Farias; Dolores S.Andrade Tenesaca; Jasmin Bhawra; Javier Brazo-Sayavera; Greet Cardon; Chen Kang Chang; Christine Delisle Nyström; Yolanda Demetriou; Catherine E. Draper; Lowri Edwards; Arunas Emeljanovas; Aleš Gába; Karla I. Galaviz; Silvia A. González; Marianella Herrera-Cuenca; Wendy Y. Huang; Izzeldin A.E. Ibrahim; Jaak Jürimäe; Katariina Kämppi; Tarun R. Katapally; Piyawat Katewongsa; Peter T. Katzmarzyk; Asaduzzaman Khan; Agata Korcz; Yeon Soo Kim; Estelle Lambert; Eun Young Lee; Marie Löf; Tom Loney; Juan López-Taylor; Yang Liu; Daga Makaza; Taru Manyanga; Bilyana Mileva; Shawnda A. Morrison; Jorge Mota; Vida K. Nyawornota; Reginald Ocansey; John J. Reilly; Blanca Roman-Viñas; Diego Augusto Santos Silva; Pairoj Saonuam; John Scriven; Jan Seghers; Natasha Schranz; Thomas Skovgaard; Melody Smith; Martyn Standage; Gregor Starc; Gareth Stratton; Narayan Subedi; Tim Takken; Tuija Tammelin; Chiaki Tanaka; David Thivel; Dawn Tladi; Richard Tyler; Riaz Uddin; Alun Williams; Stephen H.S. Wong; Ching Lin Wu; Paweł Zembura; Mark S. Tremblay; Fakultät für Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften, Technische Universität München; Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences; Shanghai University of Sport; Lithuanian Sports University; Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital; Stamford University Bangladesh; Liikunnan ja kansanterveyden edistämissäätiö LIKES; Thai Health Promotion Foundation, Bangkok; University of Cuenca; Tribhuvan University; Universidad de la Republica; Haramaya University; Wilhelmina Children's Hospital; University of Tartu; Universidad de Los Andes, Colombia; National University of Science and Technology Bulawayo; Universiteit Gent; University of South Australia; University of Ljubljana; University of Queensland; University of Bath; University of Regina; Rollins School of Public Health; KU Leuven; University of Strathclyde; J. F. Oberlin University; Pennington Biomedical Research Center; University of Botswana; Syddansk Universitet; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa; University of Ghana; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; National Chung Hsing University; Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego im. Eugeniusza Piaseckiego w Poznaniu; University of Witwatersrand; Queen's University, Kingston; Hong Kong Baptist University; University of Waterloo; Uniwersytet Warszawski; National Taiwan College of Physical Education; Seoul National University; Mahidol University; Karolinska Institutet; Universidad de la Frontera; University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences; Universite de Moncton; Universitat de Girona; University of Montreal; Linköpings universitet; Universidad de Guadalajara; Universidade do Porto; University of Primorska; University of Ibadan; University of Auckland; Swansea University; Universite d' Auvergne Clermont-FD 1; Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci; Chinese University of Hong Kong; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Universidad Central de Venezuela; University of Cape Town; Guernsey Education Services; Observatorio Venezolano de la Salud; BG be Active Association; Jersey Sport Foundation; Nutrition Research Foundation; Fundación Bengoa para la Alimentación y Nutrición; Nigerian Heart Foundation
    © 2018 Human Kinetics, Inc. Background: Accumulating sufficient moderate to vigorous physical activity is recognized as a key determinant of physical, physiological, developmental, mental, cognitive, and social health among children and youth (aged 5-17 y). The Global Matrix 3.0 of Report Card grades on physical activity was developed to achieve a better understanding of the global variation in child and youth physical activity and associated supports. Methods: Work groups from 49 countries followed harmonized procedures to develop their Report Cards by grading 10 common indicators using the best available data. The participating countries were divided into 3 categories using the United Nations' human development index (HDI) classification (low or medium, high, and very high HDI). Results: A total of 490 grades, including 369 letter grades and 121 incomplete grades, were assigned by the 49 work groups. Overall, an average grade of "C-," "D+," and "C-" was obtained for the low and medium HDI countries, high HDI countries, and very high HDI countries, respectively. Conclusions: The present study provides rich new evidence showing that the situation regarding the physical activity of children and youth is a concern worldwide. Strategic public investments to implement effective interventions to increase physical activity opportunities are needed.
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    Success stories in genomic medicine from resource-limited countries
    (2015-01-01) Konstantinos Mitropoulos; Hayat Al Jaibeji; Diego A. Forero; Paul Laissue; Ambroise Wonkam; Catalina Lopez-Correa; Zahurin Mohamed; Wasun Chantratita; Ming Ta Michael Lee; Adrian Llerena; Angela Brand; Bassam R. Ali; George P. Patrinos; The Golden Helix Foundation; Maastricht University; College of Medicine and Health Sciences United Arab Emirates University; Universidad Antonio Nariño; Universidad del Rosario; University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences; Genome Quebec; University of Malaya; Mahidol University; Riken; Academia Sinica, Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Universidad de Extremadura; Panepistimion Patron
    © 2015 Mitropoulos et al. In recent years, the translation of genomic discoveries into mainstream medical practice and public health has gained momentum, facilitated by the advent of new technologies. However, there are often major discrepancies in the pace of implementation of genomic medicine between developed and developing/resource-limited countries. The main reason does not only lie in the limitation of resources but also in the slow pace of adoption of the new findings and the poor understanding of the potential that this new discipline offers to rationalize medical diagnosis and treatment. Here, we present and critically discuss examples from the successful implementation of genomic medicine in resource-limited countries, focusing on pharmacogenomics, genome informatics, and public health genomics, emphasizing in the latter case genomic education, stakeholder analysis, and economics in pharmacogenomics. These examples can be considered as model cases and be readily replicated for the wide implementation of pharmacogenomics and genomic medicine in other resource-limited environments.