Effects of Botanical Variation, Plant Part, and Extraction Technique on Mitragynine and 7-Hydroxymitragynine in Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) Extracts Quantified by a Validated HPLC–DAD Method
9
Issued Date
2026-07-01
Resource Type
eISSN
14203049
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-105044554885
Journal Title
Molecules
Volume
31
Issue
13
Rights Holder(s)
SCOPUS
Bibliographic Citation
Molecules Vol.31 No.13 (2026)
Suggested Citation
Krongrawa W., Ponphaiboon J., Koedruen J., Samran C., Limmatvapirat S., Limmatvapirat C. Effects of Botanical Variation, Plant Part, and Extraction Technique on Mitragynine and 7-Hydroxymitragynine in Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) Extracts Quantified by a Validated HPLC–DAD Method. Molecules Vol.31 No.13 (2026). doi:10.3390/molecules31132241 Retrieved from: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/118083
Title
Effects of Botanical Variation, Plant Part, and Extraction Technique on Mitragynine and 7-Hydroxymitragynine in Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) Extracts Quantified by a Validated HPLC–DAD Method
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Abstract
Mitragyna speciosa (kratom) is a traditionally consumed botanical rich in the bioactive alkaloids mitragynine (MG) and 7-hydroxymitragynine (7OH-MG). This study evaluated the influence of botanical variation, plant part, geographical origin, and extraction technique on alkaloid composition and extraction yield. A validated HPLC–DAD method was applied to quantify MG and 7OH-MG in leaf and shoot extracts. Ethanol-based ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) were used for samples from northern and southern Thailand. Significant compositional differences were observed. Green-veined leaves contained higher MG levels than red-veined leaves. Northern samples showed higher extraction yields and MG contents, whereas southern samples exhibited relatively higher 7OH-MG levels. Differences between UAE and MAE were minimal. Notably, 7OH-MG was detected only in leaves, while shoots contained higher MG concentrations despite lower yields. These findings highlight substantial phytochemical variability relevant to quality standardization of kratom-derived products.