Xuanyao LiuDongsheng LuWoei Yuh SawPhilip J. ShawPongsakorn WangkumhangChumpol NgamphiwSuthat FucharoenWorachart Lert-ItthipornKwanrutai Chin-InmanuTran Nguyen Bich ChauKatie AndersAnuradhani KasturiratneH. Janaka De SilvaTomohiro KatsuyaRyosuke KimuraToru NabikaTakayoshi OhkuboYasuharu TabaraFumihiko TakeuchiKen YamamotoMitsuhiro YokotaDolikun MamatyusupuWenjun YangYeun Jun ChungLi JinBoon Peng HohAnanda R. WickremasingheRicktwee Hee OngChiea Chuen KhorSarah J. DunstanCameron SimmonsSissades TongsimaPrapat SuriyapholNorihiro KatoShuhua XuYik Ying TeoNational University of SingaporeShanghai Institute for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesThailand National Center for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyMahidol UniversityUniversity of OxfordNuffield Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of KelaniyaOsaka UniversityUniversity of the RyukyusShimane UniversityTeikyo UniversityKyoto UniversityNational Center for Global Health and MedicineKurume UniversityAichi Gakuin UniversityXinjiang UniversityNingxia Medical CollegeThe Catholic University of KoreaFudan UniversityUCSI UniversityA-Star, Genome Institute of SingaporeUniversity of MelbourneShanghaiTech UniversityCollaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development2018-12-212019-03-142018-12-212019-03-142017-04-01European Journal of Human Genetics. Vol.25, No.4 (2017), 499-50814765438101848132-s2.0-85009723910https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/41944© 2017 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature. All rights reserved. The Asian Diversity Project (ADP) assembled 37 cosmopolitan and ethnic minority populations in Asia that have been densely genotyped across over half a million markers to study patterns of genetic diversity and positive natural selection. We performed population structure analyses of the ADP populations and divided these populations into four major groups based on their genographic information. By applying a highly sensitive algorithm haploPS to locate genomic signatures of positive selection, 140 distinct genomic regions exhibiting evidence of positive selection in at least one population were identified. We examined the extent of signal sharing for regions that were selected in multiple populations and observed that populations clustered in a similar fashion to that of how the ancestry clades were phylogenetically defined. In particular, populations predominantly located in South Asia underwent considerably different adaptation as compared with populations from the other geographical regions. Signatures of positive selection present in multiple geographical regions were predicted to be older and have emerged prior to the separation of the populations in the different regions. In contrast, selection signals present in a single population group tended to be of lower frequencies and thus can be attributed to recent evolutionary events.Mahidol UniversityBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular BiologyArticleSCOPUS10.1038/ejhg.2016.181