Olivo MiottoJacob Almagro-GarciaMagnus ManskeBronwyn MacInnisSusana CampinoKirk A. RockettChanaki AmaratungaPharath LimSeila SuonSokunthea SrengJennifer M. AndersonSocheat DuongChea NguonChar Meng ChuorDavid SaundersYoury SeChantap LonMark M. FukudaLucas Amenga-EtegoAbraham V.O. HodgsonVictor AsoalaMallika ImwongShannon Takala-HarrisonFrançois NostenXin Zhuan SuPascal RingwaldFrédéric ArieyChristiane DolecekTran Tinh HienMaciej F. BoniCao Quang ThaiAlfred Amambua-NgwaDavid J. ConwayAbdoulaye A. DjimdéOgobara K. DoumboIssaka ZongoJean Bosco OuedraogoDaniel AlcockEleanor DrurySarah AuburnOliver KochMandy SandersChristina HubbartGareth MaslenValentin Ruano-RubioDushyanth JyothiAlistair MilesJohn O'BrienChris GambleSamuel O. OyolaJulian C. RaynerChris I. NewboldMatthew BerrimanChris C.A. SpencerGilean McVeanNicholas P. DayNicholas J. WhiteDelia BethellArjen M. DondorpChristopher V. PloweRick M. FairhurstDominic P. KwiatkowskiUniversity of OxfordMahidol UniversityWellcome Trust Sanger InstituteWellcome Trust Centre for Human GeneticsNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNational Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria ControlArmed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, ThailandUSAMC-AFRIMSArmed Forces Health Surveillance CenterNavrongo Health Research CenterUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineShoklo Malaria Research UnitOrganisation Mondiale de la SanteInstitut Pasteur, ParisOxford University Clinical Research UnitMedical Research Council Laboratories GambiaLondon School of Hygiene & Tropical MedicineUniversity of SciencesInstitut de Recherche en Sciences de la SantéMenzies School of Health ResearchWeatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine2018-10-192018-10-192013-06-01Nature Genetics. Vol.45, No.6 (2013), 648-65515461718106140362-s2.0-84878715473https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/31306We describe an analysis of genome variation in 825 P. falciparum samples from Asia and Africa that identifies an unusual pattern of parasite population structure at the epicenter of artemisinin resistance in western Cambodia. Within this relatively small geographic area, we have discovered several distinct but apparently sympatric parasite subpopulations with extremely high levels of genetic differentiation. Of particular interest are three subpopulations, all associated with clinical resistance to artemisinin, which have skewed allele frequency spectra and high levels of haplotype homozygosity, indicative of founder effects and recent population expansion. We provide a catalog of SNPs that show high levels of differentiation in the artemisinin-resistant subpopulations, including codon variants in transporter proteins and DNA mismatch repair proteins. These data provide a population-level genetic framework for investigating the biological origins of artemisinin resistance and for defining molecular markers to assist in its elimination. © 2013 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved.Mahidol UniversityBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular BiologyArticleSCOPUS10.1038/ng.2624