Restless legs syndrome in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: prevalence, mimic conditions, risk factors, and association with functional impairment

Maytinee SrifuengfungSontuss BussaratidWoraphat Ratta-aphaNaratip SanguanpanichTikumporn HosiriFaculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University2020-10-052020-10-052020-09-01Sleep Medicine. Vol.73, (2020), 117-12418785506138994572-s2.0-85089466592https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/59177© 2020 Elsevier B.V. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) and RLS-mimic conditions, the risk factors for RLS, and whether RLS contributes to functional impairment in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: ADHD children and adolescents were prospectively studied at the outpatient psychiatric clinic. A trained registered nurse used the 2012 Revised International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group diagnostic criteria to diagnose RLS. Sociodemographic data and medical records were reviewed. Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale-Parent Report (WFIRS-P) Thai version was used to identify association between RLS and 6 domains of function [family, school (learning), school (behavior), life skills, child self-concept, social activities, and risky activities]. Results: A total of 217 patients were included. Of those, 23 (11%) patients met the criteria for RLS, and 49 (23%) had RLS-mimic conditions. Those conditions included myalgia (30/49), habitual foot tapping (23/49), positional discomfort (20/49), leg ulcer/bruise (1/49), and arthralgia/arthritis (1/49). Binary logistic regression revealed first-degree relative having RLS symptom to be significantly associated with RLS in study patients (OR: 5.06, p < 0.01). Multivariate linear regression showed RLS to be independently associated with school (behavior) (Β = 1.18, p = 0.05) and life skills (Β = 2.36, p = 0.05) impairment. Conclusions: RLS was found to be common in ADHD children and adolescents. RLS-mimic conditions were found in two-thirds of patients who previously met 4 essential RLS criteria. First-degree relative with RLS symptom was associated with RLS, and RLS was associated with functional impairment in the life skills and school (behavior) domains.Mahidol UniversityMedicineRestless legs syndrome in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: prevalence, mimic conditions, risk factors, and association with functional impairmentArticleSCOPUS10.1016/j.sleep.2020.05.037