Zaini N.N.M.Salleh W.M.N.H.W.Ghani N.A.Salihu A.S.Arzmi M.H.Kumsang P.Nutho B.Eshboev F.Kuziev S.Khasanov F.Mahidol University2026-02-132026-02-132026-01-01Natural Product Research (2026)14786419https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/114992This study investigates the chemical composition and cytotoxicity potential of Calophyllum fraseri M.R.Hend. & Wyatt-Sm essential oil, complemented by molecular docking analysis. Gas chromatography-flame ionisation detection (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identified 15 components, representing 93.1% of the total oil content. The major components were β-caryophyllene (19.4%), α-cubebene (18.3%), δ-cadinene (14.0%), α-humulene (10.3%), and γ-muurolene (9.5%). The essential oil exhibited weak cytotoxic activity against HepG2, MCF-7, and A549 cancer cell lines, with IC<inf>50</inf> values of 93.4 ± 0.15 μg/mL (HepG2), 89.2 ± 0.11 μg/mL (MCF-7), and 96.3 ± 0.12 μg/mL (A549). Molecular docking results revealed favourable interactions between γ-muurolene and Akt1, α-humulene and oestrogen receptor α (ERα), and α-cubebene and the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase (EGFR-TK) domain. These docking results provide supportive molecular insights into potential target interactions of individual constituents rather than direct predictors of the biological activity of the crude essential oil.ChemistryBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular BiologyAgricultural and Biological SciencesArticleSCOPUS10.1080/14786419.2026.26258982-s2.0-10502924638014786427