Nomnian S.Fang F.Mahidol University2025-04-152025-04-152025-01-01Critical Intercultural and English Language Issues in the Internationalisation of Higher Education (2025) , 222-238https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/109548The growth of internationalization in higher education in Asian contexts has led to increased use of English as a medium of instruction (EMI) in classrooms where linguistic and cultural diversity has guided educational policies and their implementations. This chapter aims to discuss the roles played by EMI in shaping policies, influencing practices, and generating implications for higher education contexts in Thailand and China. Drawing upon an analysis of the existing literature and studies of EMI in Thailand and China, this chapter aims to provide a critical overview of the current situations and future trends of EMI and its legitimacy in multilingual ecologies in Thai and Chinese university classrooms.Social SciencesArts and HumanitiesBook ChapterSCOPUS10.4324/9781003368793-172-s2.0-105002187664