Elizabeth A. AshleyAung Pyae PhyoVerena I. CarraraKyaw Myo TunFrancois NostenFrank SmithuisNicholas J. WhiteMahidol UniversityNuffield Department of Clinical MedicineMedical Action MyanmarDefence Services Medical AcademyMyanmar Oxford Clinical Research Unit2020-01-272020-01-272019-06-05Journal of Infectious Diseases. Vol.220, No.1 (2019), 100-10415376613002218992-s2.0-85067436321https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/51594© 2019 The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. From 2003 through 2009, 687 of 2885 patients (23.8%) treated for Plasmodium falciparum malaria in clinical studies in Myanmar or on the Thailand-Myanmar border had recurrent Plasmodium vivax malaria within 63 days, compared with 18 of 429 patients (4.2%) from 2010 onward (risk ratio [RR], 0.176; 95% confidence interval,. 112-.278; P <. 0001). Corresponding data from 42 days of follow-up revealed that 820 of 3883 patients (21.1%) had recurrent P. vivax malaria before 2010, compared with 22 of 886 (2.5%) from 2010 onward (RR, 0.117; 95% CI,. 077-.177; P <. 0001). This 6-fold reduction suggests a recent decline in P. vivax transmission intensity and, thus, a substantial reduction in the proportion of individuals harboring hypnozoites.Mahidol UniversityMedicineArticleSCOPUS10.1093/infdis/jiz052