Nittaya PhanuphakSirinya TeeraananchaiRawiwan HansudewechakulSivaporn GatechompolKulkanya ChokephaibulkitHanh Le Dung DangDan Ngoc Hanh TranJullapong AchalapongNipat TeeratakulpisarnAmphan ChalermchockcharoenkitManopchai ThamkhanthoTippawan PankamThida SingtorojWichai TermrungruanglertSurasith ChaithongwongwatthanaStephen J. KerrAnnette H. SohnThai Red Cross AgencyChulalongkorn UniversityKirby InstituteKasetsart UniversityThe HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research CollaborationFaculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol UniversityChildren's Hospital 1TREAT Asia/amfAR-The Foundation for AIDS ResearchChiangrai Prachanukroh HospitalHung Vuong Hospital2020-11-182020-11-182020-11-05Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Vol.71, No.8 (2020), e270-e280153765912-s2.0-85095861725https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/60030© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. BACKGROUND: Female youth with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (PHIV) may be at higher risk than uninfected youth for persistent anogenital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, due to prolonged immunodeficiency. METHODS: A 3-year cohort study was conducted between 2013 and 2017 among Thai and Vietnamese PHIV and HIV-uninfected females 12-24 years, matched by age group and number of lifetime sexual partners. For HPV genotyping, cervical and anal samples were obtained at baseline and annually. Vaginal samples were collected at baseline and every 6 months. Factors associated with high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) persistence and incidence were assessed. RESULTS: We enrolled 93 PHIV and 99 HIV-uninfected females. Median age was 19 (interquartile range [IQR] 18-20) years. For the 7 HR-HPV types (16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, 58) in the nonavalent HPV vaccine, PHIV had significantly higher incidence (P = .03) and persistence (P = .01) than HIV-uninfected youth over a 3-year period. Having HIV (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-3.9) and ever using illegal substances (aHR 4.8, 95% CI 1.8-13.0) were associated with incident 7 HR-HPV infections. HIV-positive status (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 2.2, 95% CI 1.5-3.2), recent alcohol use (aPR 1.75, 95% CI 1.2-2.5), and higher number of lifetime partners (aPR 2.0, 95% CI 1.4-3.1, for 3-5 partners; aPR 1.93, 95% CI 1.2-3.2, for ≥6 partners) were significantly associated with persistent 7 HR-HPV infections. CONCLUSIONS: Female PHIV were at higher risk of having anogenital HR-HPV acquisition and persistence. Primary and secondary prevention programs for HPV infection and HPV-related diseases should be prioritized for PHIV children and youth.Mahidol UniversityMedicineArticleSCOPUS10.1093/cid/ciz1143