Arunrat PirunsarnPitiphong KijrattanakulSupat ChamnanchanuntChantana PolprasertPonlapat RojnuckarinKing Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn UniversityMahidol UniversityBuddhasothorn Hospital2019-08-232019-08-232018-09-01Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis. Vol.24, No.6 (2018), 867-87319382723107602962-s2.0-85045043144https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/46396© The Author(s) 2018. Adult immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) commonly relapses after stopping treatments. This may be preventable by low-dose steroids. In this multicenter study, adult patients with ITP who had been responding to corticosteroids were randomized with the 2 strata of newly diagnosed and relapsed ITP to prednisolone 7.5 mg/d or observation for 6 months. Relapses were defined by a platelet count below 30 × 109/L and/or clinical bleeding. There were 75 patients evaluable for the efficacy and 77 for safety. The recurrent ITP comprised 57.3%. During the median follow-up of 42 weeks, there were 20.5% (8/39) and 25% (9/36) of recurrences in the prednisolone and control groups (P =.643), with the hazard ratio (HR) of 0.75 (P =.549). The significant factor that could predict recurrences was relapsed ITP with the HR of 2.79 (95% confidence interval, 1.02-7.64, P =.037). Prednisolone showed a trend toward a benefit in the relapsed subgroup (P =.070). Adverse events were not different (P =.540) and mostly mild. In conclusion, prednisolone maintenance could not prolong relapse-free survival. Relapsed patients deserve further investigations for preventive measures.Mahidol UniversityMedicineArticleSCOPUS10.1177/1076029618764843