Wongpan A.Nuchpun S.Tana-Atsawapon N.Luksirikul P.Suriyarak S.Artsanthia J.Katewongsa K.P.Mahidol University2025-10-212025-10-212025-01-01Nanoscale Advances (2025)https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/112701Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO<inf>2</inf> NPs) are redox-active nanomaterials with promising applications in biomedical engineering. In this study, CeO<inf>2</inf> NPs are functionalized with riboflavin to enhance cellular uptake and introduce photoresponsive properties. In vitro studies demonstrate that the resulting riboflavin-modified CeO<inf>2</inf> (Rf–CeO<inf>2</inf>) NPs exhibit low toxicity under dark conditions but exert significantly enhanced cytotoxicity against triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) MDA-MB-231 cells upon ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. This light-triggered cytotoxic effect is attributed to the photoactive nature of riboflavin, which alters reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation upon UV exposure. Our findings highlight the potential of Rf–CeO<inf>2</inf> NPs as a selectively light-activated nanoplatform for targeted cancer therapy that integrates redox functionality and photoactivity into a single engineered nanomaterial, particularly for TNBC and other aggressive cancer subtypes.Materials ScienceChemical EngineeringChemistryPhysics and AstronomyEngineeringArticleSCOPUS10.1039/d5na00555h2-s2.0-10501877015425160230