Mitchell SabloffMammen ChandyZhiwei WangBrent R. LoganArdeshir GhavamzadehChi Kong LiSyed Mohammad IrfanChristopher N. BredesonMorton J. CowanRobert Peter GaleGregory A. HaleJohn HoranSuradej HongengMary EapenMark C. WaltersThe Ottawa HospitalChristian Medical College, VelloreMedical College of WisconsinUniversity of TehranPrince of Wales Hospital Hong KongNational Institute of Blood Disease and Bone Marrow TransplantationUCSF Medical CenterCelgene CorporationAll Children's Hospital St. PetersburgChildren's Healthcare of Atlanta at EglestonMahidol UniversityUCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland2018-05-032018-05-032011-02-03Blood. Vol.117, No.5 (2011), 1745-175015280020000649712-s2.0-79551639277https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/11591We describe outcomes after human leukocyte antigen-matched sibling bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for 179 patients with β-thalassemia major. The median age at transplantation was 7 years and the median follow-up was 6 years. The distribution of Pesaro risk class I, II, and III categories was 2%, 42%, and 36%, respectively. The day 30 cumulative incidence of neutrophil recovery and day 100 platelet recovery were 90% and 86%, respectively. Seventeen patients had graft failure, which was fatal in 11. Six of 9 patients with graft failure are alive after a second transplantation. The day 100 probability of acute graft-versus-host disease and 5-year probability of chronic graft-versus-host disease was 38% and 13%, respectively. The 5-year probabilities of overall- and disease-free survival were 91% and 88%, respectively, for patients with Pesaro risk class II, and 64% and 62%, respectively, for Pesaro risk class III. In multivariate analysis, mortality risks were higher in patients 7 years of age and older and those with hepatomegaly before BMT. The leading causes of death were interstitial pneumonitis (n = 7), hemorrhage (n = 8), and veno-occlusive disease (n = 6). Proceeding to BMT in children younger than 7 years before development of end-organ damage, particularly in the liver, should improve results after BMT for β-thalassemia major. © 2011 by The American Society of Hematology.Mahidol UniversityBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular BiologyImmunology and MicrobiologyMedicineArticleSCOPUS10.1182/blood-2010-09-306829