W. Joost WiersingaBart J. CurrieSharon J. PeacockAcademic Medical Centre, University of AmsterdamRoyal Darwin HospitalMenzies School of Health ResearchMahidol UniversityUniversity of Cambridge2018-06-112018-06-112012-09-13New England Journal of Medicine. Vol.367, No.11 (2012), 1035-104415334406002847932-s2.0-84866067768https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/14623MELIOIDOSIS, CAUSED BY THE ENVIRONMENTAL GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILlus Burkholderia pseudomallei, is classically characterized by pneumonia and multiple abscesses, with a mortality rate of up to 40%. It is an important cause of community-acquired sepsis in Southeast Asia and northern Australia. Its known global distribution is expanding, a reflection of improvements in diagnostic microbiology and increasing numbers of cases in travelers and returning military personnel (Fig. 1). 1,2 A locally acquired case of melioidosis was recently described in the United States. 3 B. pseudomallei has been classified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as a category B bioterrorism agent, resulting in increased research and understanding of melioidosis. This review considers recent developments in pathogenesis, diagnostics, and treatment. Copyright © 2012 Massachusetts Medical Society.Mahidol UniversityMedicineReviewSCOPUS10.1056/NEJMra1204699