Ricardo ÁguasAdam MahdiRima ShrettaPeter HorbyMartin LandrayLisa WhiteFatima ArifiChynar ZhumalievaInke N.D. LubisAntoninho Benjamin MonteiroAinura MoldokmatovaSiyu ChenAida EstebesovaMofakhar HussainDipti LataEmmanuel A. BakareBiniam GetachewMohammad Nadir SahakPhetsavanh ChanthavilayAkindeh M. NjiYu Nandar AungNathaniel HupertSai Thein Than TunWirichada Pan-NgumK. C. SarinHandoyo HarsonoSana EybpooshRenato Mendes CoutinhoSemeeh A. OmolekeAmen Patrick NwosuNantasit LuangasanatipAinura KutmanovaAizhan DooronbekovaAntonio XimenesMerita MonteiroOlivier CelhayKeyrellous AdibAmel H. SalimYuki YunandaMahnaz Hossain FaribaAmirah AzzeriPenny HancockHakim BekrizadehSayed Ataullah SaeedzaiIvana AlonaGrace Wezi MzumaraJoao MartinsJose L. Herrera-DiestraHamid SharifiTalant AbdyldaevBabak JamshidiNoran Naqiah HairiNaima NasirRashid U. ZamanSopuruchukwu ObiesieRoberto A. KraenkelNicholas LetchfordLucsendar Raimunda Fernandes AlvesSandra AdeleLorena Suárez-IduetaNicole AdvaniManar MarzoukViviana MabomboAibek MukambetovAdeniyi Kolade AderobaBpriya Lakshmy TbalasubramaniamNicole Feune de ColombiMaria Angela Varela NihaFrancisco ObandoParinda WattanasriSompob SaralambaFatiha ShabaruddinShafiun Nahin ShimulMaznah DahluiReshania NaidooCaroline FrancoMichael G. KleinAisuluu KubatovaNusrat JabinShwe Sin KyawLuzia Tomas FreitasSunil PokharelProochista ArianaChris Erwin G. MercadoShamil IbragimovJohn Robert C. MedinaMesulame NamedreHIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol UniversityInstitute of Health Policy, Management and EvaluationOxford Social Sciences DivisionValid InternationalFederal University, Oye-EkitiMinistry of Health East TimorMinistry of Health MalawaiUniversity of the Philippines ManilaUniversité de Yaoundé IUniversitas Sumatera UtaraUniversiti MalayaPayame Noor UniversityOrganisation Mondiale de la SantéUniversity of OxfordMenzies School of Health ResearchClinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies UnitUniversity College LondonThailand Ministry of Public HealthSan Jose State UniversityUniversity of NottinghamUniversity of DhakaUniversity of Malaya Medical CentreKermanshah University of Medical SciencesNuffield Department of MedicinePopulation Services InternationalCornell UniversityUniversidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"Pasteur Institute of IranLondon School of Economics and Political ScienceUniversidad De Los Andes, MeridaUniversidade Federal do ABCOxford Policy ManagementCOVID-19 Task Force for North Sumatera provinceUniversity of MalaysiaIndependent researcher (no affiliation)Independent researcher (no affiliation)Soros Foundation in the Kyrgyz RepublicPublic Fund “Institution of social development” in the Kyrgyz RepublicUniversity of Health SciencesUSAID Mission in the Kyrgyz RepublicGovernment of the People’s Republic of BangladeshUniversidade Nacional Timor LorosaeFiji Centre for Communicable Disease ControlUniversidade da PazMinistry of Health of the Kyrgyz RepublicOxford Policy ManagementMinistry of Public Health2022-08-042022-08-042021-12-01Nature Communications. Vol.12, No.1 (2021)204117232-s2.0-85101016964https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/75950Dexamethasone can reduce mortality in hospitalised COVID-19 patients needing oxygen and ventilation by 18% and 36%, respectively. Here, we estimate the potential number of lives saved and life years gained if this treatment were to be rolled out in the UK and globally, as well as the cost-effectiveness of implementing this intervention. Assuming SARS-CoV-2 exposure levels of 5% to 15%, we estimate that, for the UK, approximately 12,000 (4,250 - 27,000) lives could be saved between July and December 2020. Assuming that dexamethasone has a similar effect size in settings where access to oxygen therapies is limited, this would translate into approximately 650,000 (240,000 - 1,400,000) lives saved globally over the same time period. If dexamethasone acts differently in these settings, the impact could be less than half of this value. To estimate the full potential of dexamethasone in the global fight against COVID-19, it is essential to perform clinical research in settings with limited access to oxygen and/or ventilators, for example in low- and middle-income countries.Mahidol UniversityBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular BiologyChemistryPhysics and AstronomyArticleSCOPUS10.1038/s41467-021-21134-2