Prok LaosuwanPhuriphong SongarjWorawut LapisatepunSettapong BoonsriOraluxna RodanantWirat WasinwongWimonrat SrirajJittiya WatcharotayangulMingkwan WongyingsinnChulalongkorn UniversityFaculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen UniversityFaculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkia UniversityFaculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol UniversityFaculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol UniversityChiang Mai University2020-03-262020-03-262020-02-01Laryngoscope. Vol.130, No.2 (2020), 437-441153149950023852X2-s2.0-85064181232https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/53773© 2019 The American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society, Inc. Objectives/Hypothesis: The aim of the present study was to compare the surgical condition between deep neuromuscular blockade (NMB) and moderate NMB. Study Design: Multicenter, randomized, parallel intervention trial. Methods: One hundred two patients underwent microscopic endolaryngeal surgery at four university hospitals. The patients were randomized into moderate NMB (train-of-four 1-2) (M group) or deep NMB (post-tetanic count 1-2) (D group) with moderate or high doses of rocuronium, respectively. Surgical rating conditions (SRCs) were evaluated during the surgery. Sugammadex was given to the M group at 2 mg/kg and the D group at 4 mg/kg. Perioperative clinical signs and conditions were recorded until discharge from the postanesthesia care unit. Results: Clinically acceptable SRC was observed in 49 patients (100%) in the D group and 43 patients (89.6%) in the M group (P =.027). The frequency of notable vocal fold movement in the M group was significantly higher than the D group (70.8% vs. 32.7%). The patients in the M group required more additional doses of rocuronium (47.9%) than the D group (20.4%) to maintain full relaxation (P =.005). The median time (interquartile range) from administration of sugammadex to train-of-four ratio 0.9 in the D group was shorter than the M group (120 [109–180 minutes] vs. 180 minutes [120–240 minutes], P =.034). Conclusions: Deep NMB with high doses of rocuronium combined with 4 mg/kg of sugammadex for reversal during endolaryngeal surgery provided better SRC and anesthetic conditions than moderate NMB of rocuronium with 2 mg/kg of sugammadex. Level of Evidence: 1b Laryngoscope, 130:437–441, 2020.Mahidol UniversityMedicineArticleSCOPUS10.1002/lary.27956