Hadpech S.Moonmuang S.Chupradit K.Yasamut U.Tayapiwatana C.Mahidol University2023-06-182023-06-182022-01-01Intervirology Vol.65 No.2 (2022) , 67-7903005526https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/85055Background: Host restriction factors are cellular proteins that inhibit specific steps of the viral life cycle. Since the 1970s, several new factors have been identified, including human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) replication restriction. Evidence accumulated in the last decade has substantially broadened our understanding of the molecular mechanisms utilized to abrogate the HIV-1 life cycle. Summary: In this review, we focus on the interaction between host restriction factors participating in the early phase of HIV-1 infection, particularly CA-targeting proteins. Host factors involved in the late phase of the replication cycle, such as viral assembly and egress factors, are also described. Additionally, current reports on well-known antiviral intrinsic factors, as well as other viral restriction factors with their emerging roles, are included. Conclusion: A comprehensive understanding of the interactions between viruses and hosts is expected to provide insight into the design of novel HIV-1 therapeutic interventions.Immunology and MicrobiologyReviewSCOPUS10.1159/0005192412-s2.0-851281614471423010034464956