Michelle DziejmanDavide SerrutoVincent C. TamDerek SturtevantPornphan DiraphatShah M. FaruqueM. Hasibur RahmanJohn F. HeidelbergJeremy DeckerLi LiKate T. MontgomeryGeorge GrillsRaju KucherlapatiJohn J. MekalanosHarvard Medical SchoolInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research BangladeshJ. Craig Venter InstituteHarvard Partners Genome CenterBrigham and Women's HospitalUniversity of Rochester School of Medicine and DentistryNovartis Immunobiological Research InstituteMahidol University2018-06-212018-06-212005-03-01Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. Vol.102, No.9 (2005), 3465-3470002784242-s2.0-20044388551https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/17205Non-O1, non-O139 Vibrio cholerae can cause gastroenteritis and extraintestinal infections, but, unlike O1 and O139 strains of V. cholerae, little is known about the virulence gene content of non-O1, non-O139 strains and their phylogenetic relationship to other pathogenic V. cholerae. Comparative genomic microarray analysis of four pathogenic non-O1, non-O139 strains indicates that these strains are quite divergent from O1 and O139 strains. Genomic sequence analysis of a non-O1, non-O139 strain (AM-19226) that appeared particularly pathogenic in experimental animals suggests that this strain carries a type III secretion system (TTSS) that is related to the TTSS2 gene cluster found in a pandemic clone of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The genes for this V. cholerae TTSS system appear to be present in many clinical and environmental non-O1, non-O139 strains, including at least one clone that is globally distributed. We hypothesize that the TTSS present in some pathogenic strains of non-O1, non-O139 V. cholerae may be involved in the virulence and environmental fitness of these strains. © 2005 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA.Mahidol UniversityMultidisciplinaryArticleSCOPUS10.1073/pnas.0409918102