Hanafee A.Suthon S.Innang S.Songlilitchuwong S.Masuwan N.Narkdontri T.Teerawattanapong N.Boriboonhirunsarn D.Tangjittipokin W.Mahidol University2025-06-292025-06-292025-08-01Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice Vol.226 (2025)01688227https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/110967Objective: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) poses a significant risk to maternal and fetal health, yet remains underrecognized in Southeast Asia, particularly in Thailand. Methods: This retrospective cohort study aimed to compare maternal characteristics and clinical parameters between pregnant women with and without GDM, who attended antenatal care at Siriraj Hospital, Thailand, using the 50-g GCT and 100-g OGTT. Results: A total of 825 pregnant women were included, comprising 141 with GDM and 684 non-GDM controls. Statistical analyses revealed that women with GDM were significantly older, had higher gestational age at diagnosis, higher pre-pregnancy BMI, and elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Family history of diabetes and comorbidities were more prevalent in the GDM group. The laboratory findings showed significant differences in white blood cell counts, particularly in the levels of neutrophils and lymphocytes. Moreover, elevated levels of alanine transaminase and HbA1c were observed in cases of GDM. Finally, diastolic blood pressure (aOR 1.036, 95 % CI 1.008–1.064, p = 0.01) and the presence of comorbidities (aOR 9.027, 95 % CI 5.573–14.621, p < 0.001) were identified as independent risk factors for GDM. Conclusion: These findings underscore distinct clinical and biochemical profiles in Thai women with GDM, emphasizing the need for early detection and targeted interventions to mitigate associated risks.Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular BiologyMedicineArticleSCOPUS10.1016/j.diabres.2025.1123362-s2.0-10500867439518728227