Chih Ching YehWen Chang WangChien Sheng WuFung Chang SungChien Tien SuYing Hua ShiehShih Ni ChangFu Hsiung SuTaipei Medical UniversityChina Medical University TaichungFar Eastern Memorial Hospital TaiwanMahidol UniversityChina Medical University Hospital TaichungFlinders University2018-12-112019-03-142018-12-112019-03-142016-08-01PLoS ONE. Vol.11, No.8 (2016)193262032-s2.0-84990049626https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/43043© 2016 Yeh et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Objective: The association between Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and chronic hepatitis virus infection is inconclusive. Hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are highly prevalent in Taiwan. We used a population-based case-control study to evaluate the associations between SS and HBV and HCV infections. Materials and Methods: We identified 9,629 SS patients without other concomitant autoimmune diseases and 38,516 sex- and age-matched controls without SS from the Taiwan National Health Insurance claims data between 2000 and 2011. We utilized multivariate logistic regression to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the associations between SS and HBV and HCV infections. Sex- and age-specific (<55 and ≥55 years) risks of SS were evaluated. Results: The risk of SS was higher in patients with HCV than in those without chronic viral hepatitis (OR = 2.49, 95% CI = 2.16-2.86). Conversely, HBV infection was not associated with SS (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.98-1.24). Younger HCV patients were at a higher risk for SS (<55 years: OR = 3.37, 95% CI = 2.62-4.35; ≥55 years: OR = 2.20, 95% CI = 1.84-2.62). Men with HCV were at a greater risk for SS (women: OR = 2.26, 95% CI = 1.94-2.63; men: OR = 4.22, 95% CI = 2.90-6.16). Only men with chronic HBV exhibited a higher risk of SS (OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.21-2.14). Conclusion: HCV infection was associated with SS; however, HBV only associated with SS in men.Mahidol UniversityAgricultural and Biological SciencesBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular BiologyArticleSCOPUS10.1371/journal.pone.0161958