C. LuxemburgerF. O. Ter KuileF. NostenG. DolanJ. H. BradolL. PhaipunT. Chong-SuphajaisiddhiN. J. WhiteShoklo Malaria Research UnitMahidol UniversityUniversity of AmsterdamNuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences2018-02-272018-02-271994-01-01Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Vol.88, No.2 (1994), 213-21718783503003592032-s2.0-0028182993https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/9601The therapeutic efficacy and toxicity of a combination of low dose mefloquine (15 mg/kg) plus artesunate 10 mg/kg in one day (MA) was compared with the currently used regimen of high dose mefloquine (25 mg/kg) (MQ) in 552 patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria in an area of multi-drug resistance on the Thai-Burmese border. MA gave faster clinical and parasitological responses and prevented early treatment failure; 15 patients in the MQ group (6%)were early failures ( < 9 d) compared with none receiving MA (P = 0.0001). Overall failure rates by day 28 were 19% in the MA group and 24% in with MQ group (relative risk (RR) = 0.78, 95% confidence interval(CI) 0.54−1.12). In the subgroup of patients who required re-treatment, MA proved significantly more effectivethan MQ; failure rates were 25% and 52% respectively (RR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.29−0.83). Treatment failures were associated with mefloquine treatment in the previous month (RR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.09−2.70) and diarrhoea (RR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.05−2.28). Gastrointestinal side-effects and dizziness were more likely in the MQ group. There was no evident adverse effect as sociated with artesunate. A single day's treatment with artesunate augments the antimalarial efficacy of mefloquine. © 1994 Oxford University Press.Mahidol UniversityImmunology and MicrobiologyMedicineArticleSCOPUS10.1016/0035-9203(94)90303-4