Charoenngam N.Jaroenlapnopparat A.Mettler S.K.Grover A.Mahidol University2023-05-192023-05-192023-02-01Biomedicines Vol.11 No.2 (2023)https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/81660The immunomodulatory and metabolic effects of vitamin D receptor (VDR) activation have been considered beneficial in mitigating the susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 infection. Furthermore, vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) has pleiotropic effects on the immune system that may influence inflammation associated with COVID-19. Multiple observational studies have demonstrated an association between low levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk and the severity of COVID-19 infection. However, the impact of vitamin D supplementation as an adjunctive treatment for COVID-19 based on evidence from randomized clinical trials is unclear. Equally important is that certain variations of the genes involved in the vitamin D metabolic pathway have been shown to affect immune function and linked with various clinical outcomes, including cardio-metabolic disorders, autoimmune diseases, infections, and cancers. This indicates inter-individual difference in body response to vitamin D. There is also emerging evidence that common polymorphisms of these genes may influence the susceptibility and severity of COVID-19, although the confidence of these findings is limited by a small number of studies and participants. Further studies are needed to address the potential role of VDR activation and DBP in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 which take into account the genetic variations of vitamin D metabolic pathway.Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular BiologyReviewSCOPUS10.3390/biomedicines110204002-s2.0-8514891426622279059