Parichatikanond W.Mangmool S.Chewchinda S.Hirunpanich V.Vongsak B.Mahidol University2024-09-012024-09-012023-01-01Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol.47 No.3 (2023)19054637https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/100709In Thailand, Tetragonula pagdeni (TP) Schwarz is one of the most common and abundantly cultured stingless bee species in mangosteen orchards. The propolis extract of TP has been used as a traditional medicine to treat inflammation. TP propolis extract also exhibited antioxidant, antiproliferative, and antimicrobial properties in scientific reports. However, the anti-inflammatory effect of TP propolis extract has been limited. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of TP propolis extract through alteration of mRNA expression of genes involved in inflammatory processes, including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], interleukin-6 [IL-6], and interleukin-10 [IL-10]). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was used to quantify the amount of major compounds, α-and γ-mangostin. TP propolis extract suppressed mRNA levels of COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, and IL-10 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages and had no effect on IL-6 expression. HPLC quantification of α-and γ-mangostin yielded values of 36 and 34 μg/g extract, respectively. Therefore, we herein demonstrate that TP propolis extract exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect associated with the downregulation of genes involved in the inflammatory cascade. These findings suggest that TP propolis extract is a promising candidate as a nutraceutical or pharmaceutical product to relieve inflammation.Pharmacology, Toxicology and PharmaceuticsArticleSCOPUS10.56808/3027-7922.28322-s2.0-8520219475230277922