Paisan RuamviboonsukKhemawan TeerasuwanajakMontip TiensuwanKanokwan YuttithamRajavithi HospitalMahidol University2018-08-202018-08-202006-05-01Ophthalmology. Vol.113, No.5 (2006), 826-832016164202-s2.0-33646143524https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/23754Purpose: To assess agreement among a group of ophthalmic care providers, including ophthalmologists and trained nonphysician personnel, in the interpretation of single-field digital fundus images for diabetic retinopathy screening. Design: Interobserver reliability study. Participants: Twelve ophthalmic care personnel, including 3 retina specialists, 3 general ophthalmologists, 3 ophthalmic nurses, and 3 ophthalmic photographers. Methods: All participants were to read 400 good single-field digital fundus images of diabetic patients from a community hospital. The nonphysician personnel group read the images 1 month after attending a 2-day intensive instruction course regarding diabetic retinopathy screening. The ophthalmologists read the images without additional training. The 3 retina specialists read the images again together 2 months later to form a consensus regarding retinopathy severity and macular edema for each case. All readers used the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study standard photographs as guidelines. Main Outcome Measures: The κ statistic was used for the reliability assessment of the diabetic retinopathy severity and macular edema, and for the identification of cases that needed referral to ophthalmologists. Results: There is only fair agreement among all readers. The multirater κ coefficient for retinopathy severity is 0.34; for macular edema, 0.27; and for referral cases, 0.28. Retina specialists have the best agreement among all groups (κ = 0.58 for retinopathy severity or macular edema, κ = 0.63 for referrals). There is also fair agreement when all readers are compared with the consensus of retina specialists (κs = 0.35, 0.28, and 0.29 for retinopathy severity, macular edema, and referrals, respectively), and the retina specialist group also has the best agreement (κs = 0.63, 0.65, and 0.67 for retinopathy severity, macular edema, and referrals). Conclusions: Without additional training, retina specialists may be the most reliable personnel to interpret single-field digital fundus images for diabetic retinopathy screening. For other ophthalmic care personnel to achieve comparable reliability, a comprehensive instruction course with specific continuing education is essential. Authorized nonphysician interpreters should be experts, and new standard photographs for single-field digital fundus image interpretation may also be required to improve interobserver reliability. © 2006 American Academy of Ophthalmology.Mahidol UniversityMedicineInterobserver Agreement in the Interpretation of Single-Field Digital Fundus Images for Diabetic Retinopathy ScreeningArticleSCOPUS10.1016/j.ophtha.2005.11.021