Sasijit VejbaesyaPanpimon LuangtrakoolKomon LuangtrakoolSiripen KalayanaroojDavid W. VaughnTimothy P. EndyMammen P. MammenSharone GreenDaniel H. LibratyFrancis A. EnnisAlan L. RothmanHenry A.F. StephensMahidol UniversityQueen Sirikit National Institute of Child HealthArmed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, ThailandUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolUCLState University of New York Upstate Medical UniversityGlaxoSmithKline, USAPharmaceutical Systems Division2018-09-132018-09-132009-05-15Journal of Infectious Diseases. Vol.199, No.10 (2009), 1442-1448002218992-s2.0-65549157182https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/28081Severe dengue virus (DENV) infection is characterized by a cascade of cytokine production, including the production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and lymphotoxin-α (LT-α). We have analyzed a variety of polymorphisms in the TNF and LTA genes of 435 ethnic Thais who had subclinical DENV infection, primary or secondary dengue fever (DF), or primary or secondary dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). The TNF-238A polymorphism marking the TNF-4,LTA-3 haplotype occurred in a significantly greater number of patients with secondary DHF (20 [15.2%] of 132) than patients with secondary DF (7 [4.1%] of 169) (P<.001; P corrected by use of Bonferroni adjustment, .022; odds ratio, 4.13 [95% confidence interval, 1.59-11.17]). In a subset of patients, the LTA-3 haplotype was associated with in vivo intracellular production of LT-α and TNF-α during the acute viremic phase of infection. Two extended human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) haplotypes containing TNF-4 and LTA-3, together with HLA-B48, HLA-B57, and HLA-DPB1*0501, were detected only in patients with secondary DHF. These observations indicate that polymorphism in functionally distinct MHC-encoded proteins contributes to the risk of developing severe secondary DENV infection and warrants further investigation. © 2009 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America.Mahidol UniversityMedicineArticleSCOPUS10.1086/597422