Anand VeeravaguAke HansasutaBowen JiangAftab S. KarimIris C. GibbsSteven D. ChangStanford UniversityStanford University School of MedicineMahidol University2018-10-192018-10-192013-08-01Neurosurgery. Vol.73, No.2 (2013), 262-2700148396X2-s2.0-84880920206https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/32231Background: Accurate target delineation has significant impact on brain arteriovenous malformation (AVM) obliteration, treatment success, and potential complications of stereotactic radiosurgery. Objective: We compare the nidal contouring of AVMs using fused images of contrasted computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with matched images of 3-dimensional (3-D) cerebral angiography for CyberKnife radiosurgery (CKRS) treatment planning. Methods: Between May 2009 and April 2012, 3-D cerebral angiography was integrated into CKRS target planning for 30 consecutive patients. The AVM nidal target volumes were delineated using fused CT and MRI scans vs fused CT, MRI, and 3-D cerebral angiography for each patient. Results: The mean volume of the AVM nidus contoured with the addition of 3-D cerebral angiography to the CT/MRI fusion (9.09 cm3, 95% confidence interval: 5.39 cm3-12.8 cm3) was statistically smaller than the mean volume contoured with CT/MRI fused scans alone (14.1 cm3, 95% confidence interval: 9.16 cm3-19.1 cm3), with a mean volume difference of σ = 5.01 cm3(P =.001). Diffuse AVM nidus was associated with larger mean volume differences compared with a compact nidus (σ = 6.51 vs 2.11 cm3, P =.02). The mean volume difference was not statistically associated with the patient's sex (male σ = 5.61, female σ = 5.06, σ =.84), previous hemorrhage status (yes σ = 5.69, no σ = 5.23, P =.86), or previous embolization status (yes σ = 6.80, no σ = 5.95, P =.11). Conclusion: For brain AVMs treated with CKRS, the addition of 3-D cerebral angiography to CT/MRI fusions for diagnostic accuracy results in a statistically significant reduction in contoured nidal volume compared with standard CT/MRI fusion-based contouring. Copyright © 2013 by the Congress of Neurological Surgeons.Mahidol UniversityMedicineArticleSCOPUS10.1227/01.neu.0000430285.00928.30