M. AckermannA. AlbertW. B. AtwoodL. BaldiniJ. BalletG. BarbielliniD. BastieriR. BellazziniE. BissaldiR. D. BlandfordE. D. BloomE. BottaciniT. J. BrandtJ. BregeonP. BruelR. BuehlerS. BusonG. A. CaliandroR. A. CameronM. CaragiuloP. A. CaraveoE. CavazzutiC. CecchiE. CharlesA. ChekhtmanJ. ChiangG. ChiaroS. CipriniR. ClausJ. Cohen-TanugiJ. ConradS. CutiniF. D'AmmandoA. De AngelisF. De PalmaC. D. DermerS. W. DigelL. Di VenereE. Do Couto E SilvaP. S. DrellC. FavuzziE. C. FerraraW. B. FockeA. FranckowiakY. FukazawaS. FunkP. FuscoF. GarganoD. GasparriniS. GermaniN. GigliettoF. GiordanoM. GirolettiG. GodfreyG. A. Gomez-VargasI. A. GrenierS. GuiriecD. HadaschA. K. HardingE. HaysJ. W. HewittX. HouT. JoglerG. JóhannessonA. S. JohnsonW. N. JohnsonT. KamaeJ. KataokaJ. KnödlsederD. KocevskiM. KussS. LarssonL. LatronicoF. LongoF. LoparcoM. N. LovelletteDeutsche Elektronen-SynchrotronKavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and CosmologySanta Cruz Institute for Particle PhysicsIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, RomaInstitut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'UniversUniversita degli Studi di TriesteIstituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di PadovaUniversita degli Studi di PadovaNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterLaboratoire Univers et Particules de MontpellierLaboratoire Leprince-RinguetConsorzio Interuniversitario per la Fisica Spaziale (CIFS)INAF Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, MilanAgenzia Spaziale ItalianaUniversita degli Studi di PerugiaGeorge Mason University, Fairfax CampusOsservatorio Astronomico di RomaStockholms universitetOskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle PhysicsKungl. VetenskapsakademienIstituto Di Radioastronomia, BolognaAlma Mater Studiorum Universita di BolognaUniversita degli Studi di UdineNaval Research LaboratoryUniversita degli Studi di BariHiroshima UniversityPontificia Universidad Catolica de ChileMedizinische Universitat InnsbruckUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore CountyCentre d'Etudes Nucleaires de Bordeaux GradignanUniversity Science Institute ReykjavikWaseda UniversityCNRS Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueUniversite de ToulouseYale UniversityUniversity of MarylandMahidol UniversityUniversity of California, IrvineUniversity of DenverMax Planck Institut fur Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut)2018-11-092018-11-092014-09-20Astrophysical Journal. Vol.793, No.1 (2014)153843570004637X2-s2.0-84906960855https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/33790© 2014. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. The Fermi bubbles are two large structures in the gamma-ray sky extending to 55° above and below the Galactic center. We analyze 50 months of Fermi Large Area Telescope data between 100 MeV and 500 GeV above 10° in Galactic latitude to derive the spectrum and morphology of the Fermi bubbles. We thoroughly explore the systematic uncertainties that arise when modeling the Galactic diffuse emission through two separate approaches. The gamma-ray spectrum is well described by either a log parabola or a power law with an exponential cutoff. We exclude a simple power law with more than 7σ significance. The power law with an exponential cutoff has an index of 1.9 ± 0.2 and a cutoff energy of 110 ± 50 GeV. We find that the gamma-ray luminosity of the bubbles is erg s-1. We confirm a significant enhancement of gamma-ray emission in the southeastern part of the bubbles, but we do not find significant evidence for a jet. No significant variation of the spectrum across the bubbles is detected. The width of the boundary of the bubbles is estimated to be deg. Both inverse Compton (IC) models and hadronic models including IC emission from secondary leptons fit the gamma-ray data well. In the IC scenario, synchrotron emission from the same population of electrons can also explain the WMAP and Planck microwave haze with a magnetic field between 5 and 20 μG.Mahidol UniversityEarth and Planetary SciencesPhysics and AstronomyArticleSCOPUS10.1088/0004-637X/793/1/64