Adisak WongkajornsilpTheera SomchitprasertRaywadee ButrapornValla WamanuttajindaKanda KasetsinsombatSukit HuabprasertKittipong ManeechotesuwanSuradej HongengMahidol UniversityThailand Ministry of Public Health2018-09-132018-09-132009-02-01Cancer Investigation. Vol.27, No.2 (2009), 140-14815324192073579072-s2.0-60849138424https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/27291Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells were examined for safety and efficacy for cholangiocarcinoma treatment. Several conditions of human CIK cells were examined using ex vivo cytotoxic assay and SCID mice pre-inoculated with cholangiocarcinoma cells. We monitored the ex vivo cytotoxicity, tumor sizes and immunohistochemistry. Optimal tumor suppression was observed when CIK cells were pre-exposed to dendritic cells (DCs). Unexpectedly, pulsing of tumor RNA to DCs rendered the co-culturing CIK cells ineffective and raised the proportion of CD4+CD25+ subset. The use of CD3+CD56+ subset instead of the whole population of CIK cells for the co-culture with RNA-pulsed DCs restored the efficacy. Tumor-infiltrating human CD3+ cells were observed from day 2 - 14. The CD3+CD56+ cells are logical candidates for clinical trial while the DC-co-cultured CIK cells produced similar efficacy and more feasible for clinical application. The RNA pulsation of DCs up-regulated the regulatory subset of CIK cells and abrogated the anti-tumor efficacy. Copyright © Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.Mahidol UniversityBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular BiologyMedicineArticleSCOPUS10.1080/07357900802189832