Zhang J.Su M.Ding C.Zhao S.Mahidol University2025-12-012025-12-012025-01-01Asia Pacific Business Review (2025)13602381https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/113337Drawing on the proactive motivation model, this study investigates how the implementation of high-performance work systems (HPWS) influences employees’ proactive career behaviours. Using matched data from 86 supervisors and 503 employees across 67 companies in China, the cross-level regression analyses reveal the following findings: (1) There is a difference but a strong positive correlation between organization-implemented HPWS and employee-perceived HPWS; (2) Employee-perceived HPWS enhance proactive career behaviour through the mediating effect of psychological availability; (3) Supervisor mentoring behaviour moderates the positive relationship between organization-implemented HPWS and employee-perceived HPWS; and (4) Supervisor mentoring behaviour also moderates the positive relationship between employee-perceived HPWS and psychological availability.Business, Management and AccountingArticleSCOPUS10.1080/13602381.2025.25867552-s2.0-1050227888831743792X