Sakda KhoomrungIntawat NookaewPartho SenThorunn A. OlafsdottirJosefine PerssonThomas MoritzPeter AndersenAli M. HarandiJens NielsenGöteborgs universitet, Institutionen för biomedicinSveriges lantbruksuniversitetStatens Serum InstitutUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesMahidol UniversityFaculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol UniversityThe University of British ColumbiaChalmers University of Technology2020-01-272020-01-272019-01-01Journal of Proteome Research. (2019)15353907153538932-s2.0-85074720715https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/50410Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society. Alum has been widely used as an adjuvant for human vaccines; however, the impact of Alum on host metabolism remains largely unknown. Herein, we applied mass spectrometry (MS) (liquid chromatography-MS)-based metabolic and lipid profiling to monitor the effects of the Alum adjuvant on mouse serum at 6, 24, 72, and 168 h post-vaccination. We propose a new strategy termed subclass identification and annotation for metabolomics for class-wise identification of untargeted metabolomics data generated from high-resolution MS. Using this approach, we identified and validated the levels of several lipids in mouse serum that were significantly altered following Alum administration. These lipids showed a biphasic response even 168 h after vaccination. The majority of the lipids were triglycerides (TAGs), where TAGs with long-chain unsaturated fatty acids (FAs) decreased at 24 h and TAGs with short-chain FAs decreased at 168 h. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the impact of human vaccine adjuvant Alum on the host metabolome, which may provide new insights into the mechanism of action of Alum. ©Mahidol UniversityBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular BiologyChemistryArticleSCOPUS10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00517