Yoel LubellNga T.T. DoKinh V. NguyenNgan T.D. TaNinh T.H. TranHung M. ThanLong B. HoangPoojan ShresthaRogier H. Van DoornBehzad NadjmHeiman F.L. WertheimUniversity of OxfordMahidol UniversityNuffield Department of Clinical MedicineRadboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI)National Hospital for Tropical DiseasesOxford University Clinical Research Unit2019-08-232019-08-232018-10-04Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control. Vol.7, No.1 (2018)204729942-s2.0-85054534769https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/46251© 2018 The Author(s). Aim: We assess the cost-benefit implications of C-reactive protein (CRP) testing in reducing antibiotic prescription for acute respiratory infection in Viet Nam by comparing the incremental costs of CRP testing with the economic costs of antimicrobial resistance averted due to lower antibiotic prescribing. Findings: Patients in the CRP group and the controls incurred similar costs in managing their illness, excluding the costs of the quantitative CRP tests, provided free of charge in the trial context. Assuming a unit cost of $1 per test, the incremental cost of CRP testing was $0.93 per patient. Based on a previous modelling analysis, the 20 percentage point reduction in prescribing observed in the trial implies a societal benefit of $0.82 per patient. With the low levels of adherence to the test results observed in the trial, CRP testing would not be cost-beneficial. The sensitivity analyses showed, however, that with higher adherence to test results their use would be cost-beneficial.Mahidol UniversityMedicineArticleSCOPUS10.1186/s13756-018-0414-1