Marcelo ChenWing Wai WongMatthew G. LawSasisopin KiertiburanakulEvy YunihastutiTuti Parwati MeratiPoh Lian LimRomanee ChaiwarithPraphan PhanuphakMan Po LeeNagalingeswaran KumarasamyVonthanak SaphonnRossana DitangcoBenedict L.H. SimKinh Van NguyenSanjay PujariAdeeba KamarulzamanFujie ZhangThuy Thanh PhamJun Yong ChoiShinichi OkaPacharee KantipongMahiran MustafaWinai RatanasuwanNicolas DurierYi Ming Arthur ChenKaohsiung Medical UniversityMackay Memorial Hospital TaiwanNational Taiwan University College of MedicineVeterans General Hospital-TaipeiUniversity of New South Wales (UNSW) AustraliaMahidol UniversityUniversity of Indonesia, RSUPN Dr. Cipto MangunkusumoUniversitas UdayanaTan Tock Seng HospitalResearch Institute for Health SciencesThe HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research CollaborationQueen Elizabeth Hospital Hong KongVHS Medical Centre IndiaUniversity of Health SciencesGokilaHospital Sungai BulohNational Hospital for Tropical DiseasesInstitute of Infectious DiseasesUniversity of Malaya Medical CentreBeijing Ditan HospitalBach Mai HospitalYonsei University College of MedicineNational Center for Global Health and MedicineChiangrai Prachanukroh HospitalHospital Raja Perempuan Zainab IIamfAR - The Foundation for AIDS Research2018-12-112019-03-142018-12-112019-03-142016-03-01PLoS ONE. Vol.11, No.3 (2016)193262032-s2.0-84961116142https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/41137© 2016 Chen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Background We assessed the effects of hepatitis B (HBV) or hepatitis C (HCV) co-infection on outcomes of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-infected patients enrolled in the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database (TAHOD), a multi-center cohort of HIV-infected patients in the Asia-Pacific region. Methods Patients testing HBs antigen (Ag) or HCV antibody (Ab) positive within enrollment into TAHOD were considered HBV or HCV co-infected. Factors associated with HBV and/orHCV co-infection were assessed by logistic regression models. Factors associated with post-ART HIV immunological response (CD4 change after six months) and virological response (HIV RNA <400 copies/ml after 12 months) were also determined. Survival was assessed by the Kaplan-Meier method and log rank test. Results A total of 7,455 subjects were recruited by December 2012. Of patients tested, 591/5656 (10.4%) were HBsAg positive, 794/5215 (15.2%) were HCVAb positive, and 88/4966 (1.8%) were positive for both markers. In multivariate analysis, HCV co-infection, age, route of HIV infection, baseline CD4 count, baseline HIV RNA, and HIV-1 subtype were associated with immunological recovery. Age, route of HIV infection, baseline CD4 count, baseline HIV RNA, ART regimen, prior ART and HIV-1 subtype, but not HBV or HCV co-infection, affected HIV RNA suppression. Risk factors affecting mortality included HCV co-infection, age, CDC stage, baseline CD4 count, baseline HIV RNA and prior mono/dual ART. Shortest survival was seen in subjects who were both HBV-and HCV-positive. Conclusion In this Asian cohort of HIV-infected patients, HCV co-infection, but not HBV co-infection, was associated with lower CD4 cell recovery after ART and increased mortality.Mahidol UniversityAgricultural and Biological SciencesBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular BiologyArticleSCOPUS10.1371/journal.pone.0150512