Nukulkit S.Nalinratana N.Aree T.Suriya U.Suttisri R.Nuengchamnong N.Chang H.S.Chansriniyom C.Mahidol University2025-01-232025-01-232025-01-01Phytochemistry Vol.229 (2025)00319422https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/102966Five previously undescribed indole alkaloids, maeruines A−E (1−5), bearing imino-2H-thieno[2,3-b]indol-3(8H)-one skeleton, were obtained from the stems of Maerua siamensis. Their chemical structures were elucidated using spectroscopic techniques [NMR, MS, IR, and UV], and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Maeruine D (4) displayed selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitory activity in vitro with an IC50 of 29.72 ± 6.36 μM. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that maeruine D could form a stable complex with human COX-2, predominantly driven by hydrophobic interactions. In addition, five amino-acid residues including Val349, Leu352, Leu384, Val523, and Ala527 were identified as hot-spot ones, which may lead to high binding affinity and selectivity. Furthermore, it exhibited cytotoxicity against HT-29 colorectal cancer cells with an IC50 of 29.32 ± 4.76 μM, and, at 0.1−10 μM, significantly inhibited their proliferation, induced by the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β), in a dose-dependent manner.Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular BiologyAgricultural and Biological SciencesArticleSCOPUS10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.1142912-s2.0-8520477366939326485