Therapoj CheepudomwitEmre GüzelsuChunhua ZhouJohn W. GriffinAhmet HökeMahidol UniversityJohns Hopkins University2018-07-122018-07-122008-01-17Neuroscience Letters. Vol.430, No.3 (2008), 230-235030439402-s2.0-38049031247https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/19857Changes in cytokine and chemokine expression during Wallerian degeneration have been studied using nerve transection models, which result in denervation of both myelinating and non-myelinating Schwann cells. Cytokine and chemokine response of non-myelinating Remak Schwann cells to loss of their axons is unknown. In this study, we compared the expression profile of various cytokines and chemokines in distal nerves after capsaicin-induced degeneration of unmyelinated axons to Wallerian degeneration induced by nerve transection. Upregulation of MCP-1, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10 were seen in both groups but IL-1ß and LIF were primarily upregulated in Wallerian degeneration of the whole nerve and not in capsaicin-induced degeneration of unmyelinated axons. The activated macrophage response, as measured by an increase in ED-1 immunostaining, was more prominent in the transected sciatic nerves compared to capsaicin-treated nerves. These findings indicate that there are differences in the cytokine and chemokine response of myelinating and non-myelinating Schwann cells to loss of their axons, and add to a growing body of literature that points to greater heterogeneity among Schwann cells. © 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Mahidol UniversityNeuroscienceArticleSCOPUS10.1016/j.neulet.2007.11.003