Kiyoshi KikuchiKo Ichi KawaharaNaoki MiuraTakashi ItoYoko MorimotoSalunya TancharoenNobuyuki TakeshigeHisaaki UchikadoRokudai SakamotoNaohisa MiyagiChiemi KikuchiNarumi IidaNaoto ShiomiTerukazu KuramotoMasaru HirohataIkuro MaruyamaMotohiro MoriokaEiichiro TanakaYame Public HospitalKurume University School of MedicineOsaka Institute of TechnologyKagoshima University Faculty of MedicineKagoshima UniversityMahidol UniversityNishida Koutoku HospitalKohjin Co., Ltd.Saiseikai Shiga HospitalOmuta City General Hospital2018-06-112018-06-112012-07-01Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine. Vol.4, No.1 (2012), 3-717921015179209812-s2.0-84865708761https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/13689Stroke is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide. During the past three decades, major advances have occurred in secondary prevention, which have demonstrated the broader potential for the prevention of stroke. Risk factors for stroke include previous stroke or transient ischemic attack, hypertension, high blood cholesterol and diabetes. Proven secondary prevention strategies are antiplatelet agents, antihypertensive drugs, statins and glycemic control. In the present review, we evaluated the secondary prevention of stroke in light of clinical studies and discuss new pleiotropic effects beyond the original effects and emerging clinical evidence, with a focus on the effect of optimal oral pharmacotherapy.Mahidol UniversityBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular BiologyImmunology and MicrobiologyReviewSCOPUS10.3892/etm.2012.560