Rebecca P. PayneStephanie LongetJames A. AustinDonal T. SkellyWanwisa DejnirattisaiSandra AdeleNaomi MeardonSian FaustiniSaly Al-TaeiShona C. MooreTom TiptonLuisa M. HeringAdrienn AngyalRebecca BrownAlexander R. NicolsNatalie GillsonSusan L. DobsonAli AminiPiyada SupasaAndrew CrossAlice Bridges-WebbLaura Silva ReyesAline LinderGurjinder SandharJonathan A. KilbyJessica K. TyermanThomas AltmannHailey HornsbyRachel WhithamEloise PhillipsTom MaloneAlexander HargreavesAdrian ShieldsAyoub SaeiSarah FoulkesLizzie StaffordSile JohnsonDaniel G. WoottonChristopher P. ConlonKatie JefferyPhilippa C. MatthewsJohn FraterAlexandra S. DeeksAndrew J. PollardAnthony BrownSarah L. Rowland-JonesJuthathip MongkolsapayaEleanor BarnesSusan HopkinsVictoria HallChristina DoldChristopher J.A. DuncanAlex RichterMiles CarrollGavin ScreatonThushan I. de SilvaLance TurtlePaul KlenermanSusanna DunachieHibatullah AbuelgasimEmily AdlandSyed AdlouHossain Delowar AktherAhmed AlhussniMohammad AliM. Azim AnsariCarolina V. Arancibia-CárcamoMartin BayleyHelen BrownJeremy ChalkMeera ChandAnu ChawlaSenthil ChinnakannanJospeh CutteridgeCatherine de LaraLucy DenlyBen DiffeyStavros DimitriadisThomas M. DrakeTimothy DonnisonMaeva DupontDavid EyreAlex FairmanSiobhan GardinerJavier Gilbert-JarmilloPhilip GoulderCarl Philipp HacksteinSophie HambletonMuzlifah HaniffaJenny HaworthJennifer HolmesEmily HornerAnni JämsénChris JonesMwila KasanyingaSinead KellyRosemary KirkMichael L. KnightAllan LawrieLian LeeSiriraj HospitalMahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research UnitOxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLiverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustPublic Health EnglandUniversity of OxfordUniversity Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustSheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustUniversity of LiverpoolImperial College Faculty of MedicineUniversity of BirminghamNuffield Department of MedicineNewcastle UniversityUniversity of Oxford Medical Sciences DivisionThe University of SheffieldThe Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustGreat North Children's Hospital2022-08-042022-08-042021-11-11Cell. Vol.184, No.23 (2021), 5699-5714.e1110974172009286742-s2.0-85118834382https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/75958Extension of the interval between vaccine doses for the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine was introduced in the United Kingdom to accelerate population coverage with a single dose. At this time, trial data were lacking, and we addressed this in a study of United Kingdom healthcare workers. The first vaccine dose induced protection from infection from the circulating alpha (B.1.1.7) variant over several weeks. In a substudy of 589 individuals, we show that this single dose induces severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses and a sustained B and T cell response to the spike protein. NAb levels were higher after the extended dosing interval (6–14 weeks) compared with the conventional 3- to 4-week regimen, accompanied by enrichment of CD4+ T cells expressing interleukin-2 (IL-2). Prior SARS-CoV-2 infection amplified and accelerated the response. These data on dynamic cellular and humoral responses indicate that extension of the dosing interval is an effective immunogenic protocol.Mahidol UniversityBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular BiologyArticleSCOPUS10.1016/j.cell.2021.10.011