Anorut JenwitheesukChutikorn NopparatSujira MukdaPrapimpun WongchitratPiyarat GovitrapongMahidol University. Institute of Molecular Biosciences. Research Center for NeuroscienceMahidol University. Faculty of Medical Technology. Center for Innovation Development and Technology TransferMahidol University. Faculty of Science. Center for Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology2015-03-072017-04-252015-03-072017-04-252015-03-072014International Journal of Molecular Sciences. Vol.15, No.9 (2014), 16848-168841422-0067https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/1851Brain aging is linked to certain types of neurodegenerative diseases and identifying new therapeutic targets has become critical. Melatonin, a pineal hormone, associates with molecules and signaling pathways that sense and influence energy metabolism, autophagy, and circadian rhythms, including insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), Forkhead box O (FoxOs), sirtuins and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways. This review summarizes the current understanding of how melatonin, together with molecular, cellular and systemic energy metabolisms, regulates epigenetic processes in the neurons. This information will lead to a greater understanding of molecular epigenetic aging of the brain and anti-aging mechanisms to increase lifespan under healthy conditions.engMahidol UniversityMelatoninBrain agingEnergy metabolismEpigeneticsAutophagyCcircadian rhythmNeurodegenerationSirtuinsOpen Access articleArticle10.3390/ijms150916848