Jiraporn LeanpolchareanchaiKarine PadoisFrançoise FalsonRapepol BavovadaPimolpan PithayanukulMahidol UniversityUniversite Claude Bernard Lyon 1Chulalongkorn University2018-11-092018-11-092014-01-01Molecules. Vol.19, No.11 (2014), 17107-17129142030492-s2.0-84914703846https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/33661© 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. A microemulsion system containing Thai mango seed kernel extract (MSKE, cultivar "Fahlun") was developed and characterised for the purpose of topical skin delivery. The MSKE-loaded microemulsions were prepared by using the spontaneous emulsification method. Isopropyl myristate (IPM) was selected as the oil phase. A polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate and sorbitan monododecanoate (1:1, w/w) system was used as the surfactant phase; an aqueous mixture of different cosurfactants (absolute ethanol, 96.3% v/v ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol or 1,2-propanediol) at a weight ratio of 1:1 was used as the aqueous phase. Among the cosurfactants studied, the 1-propanol aqueous mixture had the largest microemulsion region (48.93%) in the pseudo-ternary phase diagram. Microemulsions containing 1% MSKE demonstrated good physicochemical stability during a six-month study period at 25 ± 2 °C/60% ± 5% RH. The ex vivo skin permeation study demonstrated that the microemulsions exhibited a potent skin enhancement effect allowing MSKE to penetrate skin layers up to 60-fold higher compared with the control. Neither skin irritation nor skin corrosion was observed in ex vivo studies. The present study revealed that IPM-based microemulsion systems may be promising carriers to enhance skin penetration and delivering MSKE for topical treatment.Mahidol UniversityChemistryMedicineArticleSCOPUS10.3390/molecules191117107