Palamit A.Tovichien P.Amornsitthiwat R.Mahidol University2023-06-202023-06-202022-05-01Respirology Case Reports Vol.10 No.5 (2022)https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/87319Even though tuberculosis-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) is usually found in HIV-positive patients receiving antiviral treatment, it can also occur in HIV-negative patients especially if they have risk factors. We report a unique case of TB-IRIS in an immunocompetent child presenting with new onset of pleuritic chest pain after receiving anti-TB drugs. TB-IRIS should be considered as a differential diagnosis in case of clinical deterioration or appearance of new typical lesions despite appropriate anti-TB treatment for more than 2 weeks in the absence of persistently active TB or any other alternative causes. This will prevent physicians from misdiagnosis as superimposed infections, treatment failure or TB relapse.MedicineArticleSCOPUS10.1002/rcr2.9452-s2.0-8512886406220513380