Martin WolkewitzBen S. CooperMercedes Palomar-MartinezPedro Olaechea-AstigarragaFrancisco Alvarez-LermaMartin SchumacherUniversitat Freiburg im BreisgauNuffield Department of Clinical MedicineMahidol UniversityHospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova de LleidaUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaHospital de GaldakaoService of Intensive Care Medicine2018-11-092018-11-092014-01-01Epidemiology. Vol.25, No.1 (2014), 122-12515315487104439832-s2.0-84890122025https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/34816In nested case-control studies, incidence density sampling is the time-dependent matching procedure to approximate hazard ratios. The cumulative incidence function can also be estimated if information from the full cohort is used. In the presence of competing events, however, the cumulative incidence function depends on the hazard of the disease of interest and on the competing events hazard. Using hospital-acquired infection as an example (full cohort), we propose a sampling method for nested case-control studies to estimate subdistribution hazard ratios. With further information on the full cohort, the cumulative incidence function for the event of interest can then be estimated as well. Copyright © 2013 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.Mahidol UniversityMedicineArticleSCOPUS10.1097/EDE.0000000000000029