Jiraporn LaothamatasChristina L. SammetXavier GolayMarc Van CauterenVarinee LekprasertNoppadon TangpukdeeSrivicha KrudsoodWattana LeowattanaPolrat WilairatanaSrirama V. SwaminathanRobert L. DeLaPazTruman R. BrownSornchai LooareesuwanGary M. BrittenhamMahidol UniversityAnn & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of ChicagoUCL Institute of NeurologyPhilips Healthcare NederlandColumbia University in the City of New YorkMedical University of South CarolinaColumbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons2018-11-092018-11-092014-01-01American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Vol.90, No.6 (2014), 1117-1123000296372-s2.0-84902250846https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/34105Patients with acute uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria have no evident neurologic disorder, vital organ dysfunction, or other severe manifestations of infection. Nonetheless, parasitized erythrocytes cytoadhere to the endothelium throughout their microvasculature, especially within the brain. We aimed to determine if 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging studies could detect evidence of cerebral abnormalities in these patients. Within 24 hours of admission, initial magnetic resonance imaging examinations found a lesion with restricted water diffusion in the mid-portion of the splenium of the corpus callosum of 4 (40%) of 10 male patients. The four patients who had a splenial lesion initially had evidence of more severe hemolysis and thrombocytopenia than the six patients who had no apparent abnormality. Repeat studies four weeks later found no residua of the lesions and resolution of the hematologic differences. These observations provide evidence for acute cerebral injury in the absence of severe or cerebral malaria. Copyright © 2014 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.Mahidol UniversityImmunology and MicrobiologyMedicineArticleSCOPUS10.4269/ajtmh.13-0665