Kritsada PruksaphonAkarin IntaramatKavi RatanabanangkoonJoshua D. NosanchukNongnuch VanittanakomSirida YoungchimChulabhorn Research InstituteMahidol UniversityAlbert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva UniversityChiang Mai University2020-01-272020-01-272019-01-01Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease. (2019)18790070073288932-s2.0-85076547589https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/52299© 2019 Elsevier Inc. The pathogenic fungus Talaromyces (formerly Penicillium) marneffei is a thermally dimorphic fungus that can cause disseminated infection in patients with secondary immunodeficiency syndrome, in particular in the setting of advanced HIV infection. The areas of highest incidence are in Southeast Asia, Southern China, and Indian subcontinents. Talaromycosis (formerly penicilliosis) is identified as an AIDS-defining illness, and it has recently been recognized in non–HIV-associated patients with impaired cellular-mediated immunity. Microbiological culture is the gold standard method for the diagnosis of T. marneffei infection and usually requires up to 2–4 weeks for detectable growth to occur, which may result in a delay of appropriate treatment. Immunodiagnosis has become an alternative method for confirming talaromycosis. This article reviews various immunological tests for the diagnosis of talaromycosis, including a proposed novel rapid point-of-care assay using a new T. marneffei yeast phase-specific monoclonal antibody.Mahidol UniversityMedicineReviewSCOPUS10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2019.114959