Ninutcha PaengsaiGonzague JourdainNicolas SalvadoriApichat TantraworasinJean Yves MaryTim Roy CresseyRomanee ChaiwarithChureeratana BowonwatanuwongSorakij BhakeecheepNatapong KosachunhanunUniversity of PhayaoNational Health Security OfficeHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthIRD Institut de Recherche pour le DeveloppementUniversity of LiverpoolMahidol UniversityUniversite Paris 7- Denis DiderotChiang Mai University2020-01-272020-01-272019-09-30Open Forum Infectious Diseases. Vol.6, No.10 (2019)232889572-s2.0-85073503786https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/51409© 2019 The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America. Objective: The use of some antiretroviral drugs has been associated with a higher risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) in HIV-infected patients, but the risk associated with antiretroviral drug combinations remains unclear. We investigated the association between first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens, recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2016, and the risk of DM in adults. Method: We selected all HIV-infected adults within the Thai National AIDS Program who started a first-line ART regimen consisting the following between October 2006 and September 2013: zidovudine+lamivudine+nevirapine; tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)+lamivudine+nevirapine; zidovudine+lamivudine+efavirenz; TDF+lamivudine/emtricitabine+efavirenz; zidovudine+lamivudine+ritonavir-boosted lopinavir (LPV/r); or TDF+lamivudine+LPV/r. Diagnosis of DM was defined as having at least 2 of the following characteristics: fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dl, 2010 WHO ICD-10 codes E11-E14, or prescription of antidiabetic drugs. To identify ART regimens associated with DM, we used competing risks regression models that considered mortality without DM as a competing event and adjusted for sex, age, pancreas disease, and stratified by groups defined by a score summarizing the propensity to receive a specific first-line ART regimen. Results: Data from 35 710 adults (49.1% male; median age, 35.0 years; median follow-up, 2.0 years) were included. In the multivariable analysis with zidovudine+lamivudine+nevirapine as the reference group, a higher risk of DM was observed with TDF+lamivudine/emtricitabine+efavirenz (adjusted sub-distribution hazard ratio [aSHR], 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-1.9), zidovudine+lamivudine+efavirenz (aSHR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.7-2.3), and TDF+lamivudine+LPV/r (aSHR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.9-3.9). Conclusions: Several of the WHO recommended ART regimens, particularly tenofovir + lamivudine +LPV/r and regimens containing efavirenz, may be associated with an increased risk of DM.Mahidol UniversityMedicineArticleSCOPUS10.1093/ofid/ofz298