Murray S.M.Ansari A.M.Frater J.Klenerman P.Dunachie S.Barnes E.Ogbe A.Mahidol University2023-05-192023-05-192023-05-01Nature Reviews Immunology Vol.23 No.5 (2023) , 304-31614741733https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/82065Pre-existing cross-reactive immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) proteins in infection-naive subjects have been described by several studies. In particular, regions of high homology between SARS-CoV-2 and common cold coronaviruses have been highlighted as a likely source of this cross-reactivity. However, the role of such cross-reactive responses in the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination is currently unclear. Here, we review evidence regarding the impact of pre-existing humoral and T cell immune responses to outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. Furthermore, we discuss the importance of conserved coronavirus epitopes for the rational design of pan-coronavirus vaccines and consider cross-reactivity of immune responses to ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-2 variants, as well as their impact on COVID-19 vaccination.MedicineArticleSCOPUS10.1038/s41577-022-00809-x2-s2.0-851444522871474174136539527