Rutt ChuachoowongNathan ShafferWimol SiriwasinPongsakdi ChaisilwattanaNancy L. YoungPhilip A. MockSanay ChearskulNaris WaranawatThongpoon ChaowanachanJohn KaronR. J. SimondsTimothy D. MastroMahidol UniversityRajavithi HospitalThailand Ministry of Public HealthHIV/AIDS CollaborationCenters for Disease Control and Prevention2018-09-072018-09-072000-01-26Journal of Infectious Diseases. Vol.181, No.1 (2000), 99-106002218992-s2.0-0242289041https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/26292Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) levels in cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) and plasma samples were evaluated in relation to perinatal transmission in a randomized placebo-controlled trial of brief antenatal zidovudine treatment. Samples were collected at 38 weeks' gestation from 310 women and more frequently from a subset of 74 women. At 38 weeks, after a 2-week treatment period, CVL HIV-1 was quantifiable in 23% and 52% of samples in the zidovudine and placebo groups, respectively (P < .001). The perinatal transmission rate was 28.7% among women with quantifiable CVL HIV-1 and high plasma virus levels (>10,000 copies/mL) and 1% among women without quantifiable CVL HIV-1 and with low plasma virus levels (P < .001). A 1-log increase in plasma HIV-1 increased the transmission odds 1.8 and 6.1 times (95% confidence interval, 0.9-3.5 vs. 2.4-15.4) for women with and without quantifiable CVL HIV-1, respectively (P = .03). CVL HIV-1 is an independent risk factor for perinatal HIV-1 transmission.Mahidol UniversityMedicineArticleSCOPUS10.1086/315179