Gitanjali M. SinghRenata MichaShahab KhatibzadehPeilin ShiStephen LimKathryn G. AndrewsRebecca E. EngellMajid EzzatiDariush MozaffarianSaman FahimiJohn PowlesIbrahim ElmadfaMayuree RaoPattra WirojratanaPamela A. AbbottMorteza AbdollahiEnrique Abeyá GilardonHabibul AhsanMohannad Abed Alfattah Al NsourSuad N. Al-HootiCarukshi ArambepolaHubert ArennesSimon ArqueraAna AylinWulf BeckerPeter BjerregaardLesley T. BourneNeville CallejaMario V. CapanzanaKatia CastetbonHsing Yi ChangYu ChenMelanie J. CowanStefaan De HenauwEric L. DingCharmaine A. DuantePablo DuranHeléne Enghardt ArbieriFarshad FarzadfarDulitha N. FernandoAida Filipovic HadziomeragicRegina M. FisbergSimon ForsythDidier GarriguetJean Michel GaspozDorothy GauciBrahmam N.V. GinnelaIdris GuessousMartin C. GullifordWilbur HaddenChristian HaerpferDaniel J. HoffmanAnahita Houshiar-RadInge HuybrechtsNahla C. HwallaHajah Masni IbrahimManami InoueMaria D. JacksonLars JohanssonLital Keinan-BokerCho Il KimEda KoksalHae Jeung LeeYanping LiNur Indrawaty LipoetoGuansheng MaGuadalupe L. MangialavoriYasuhiro MatsumuraStephen T. McGarveyMei Fen ChanGert B.M. MensinkRafael A. Monge-RojasAbdulrahman O. MusaigerNagalla BalakrishnaAndroniki NaskaMarga C. OckeMaciej OltarzewskiPhilippos OrfanosMarja Leena OvaskainenWen Harn PanDemosthenes B. PanagiotakosGulden A. PekcanStefka PetrovaNoppawan PiaseuChristos PitsavosLuz Gladys PosadaLeanne M. RileyLuz Maria Sánchez-RomeroRusidah B.T. SelamatSangita SharmaAbla Mehio SibaiRosely SichieriChansimaly SimmalaLaufey SteingrimsdottirGillian SwanElzbieta Halina SygnowskaLucjan SzponarTufts UniversityHarvard School of Public HealthUniversity of Washington, SeattleImperial College LondonGeoponiko Panepistimion AthinonUniversity of CambridgeUniversitat WienThe Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityAfrican Leaders Malaria AllianceUniversity of AberdeenNational Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesMinisterio de SaludUniversity of ChicagoEastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (EMPHNET)Kuwait Institute for Scientific ResearchUniversity of Colombo Faculty of MedicineInstitut Francophone pour la Médecine TropicaleInstituto Nacional de Salud PublicaUniversity of Michigan, Ann ArborNational Food AgencyStatens Institut for FolkesundhedSouth African Medical Research CouncilDepartment of Health Information and ResearchFood and Nutrition Research Institute ManilaInstitut de Veille SanitaireNational Health Research Institutes TaiwanNYU School of MedicineUniversiteit GentHarvard Medical SchoolMinisterio de Salud de la Nación (National Health MinistryTehran University of Medical SciencesInstitute of Public Health of the Federation of Bosnia and HerzegovinaUniversidade de Sao Paulo - USPUniversity of QueenslandHopitaux universitaires de GeneveNational Institute of Nutrition IndiaKing's College LondonRutgers, The State University of New JerseyShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesAmerican University of BeirutMinistry of HealthNational Cancer Center TokyoUniversity of the West IndiesIsrael Ministry of HealthKorea Health Industry Development InstituteGazi UniversitesiUniversitas AndalasChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBunkyo UniversityBrown UniversityRobert Koch InstitutCosta Rican Institute for Research and Education and Nutrition and Health (INCIENSA)Arab Center for NutritionUniversity of Athens Medical SchoolNational Institute of Public Health and the EnvironmentNational Food and Nutrition InstituteNational Institute for Health and WelfareHarokopio UniversityHacettepe UniversitesiNational Center of Public Health and AnalysesMahidol UniversityUniversidad de AntioquiaKementerian Kesihatan MalaysiaUniversidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroInstitut of Tropical MedecinNational Institute of CardiologyUniversity of Athens2018-11-232018-11-232015-08-05PLoS ONE. Vol.10, No.8 (2015)193262032-s2.0-84941992129https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/20.500.14594/35121© 2015 Singh et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Background Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), fruit juice, and milk are components of diet of major public health interest. To-date, assessment of their global distributions and health impacts has been limited by insufficient comparable and reliable data by country, age, and sex. Objective To quantify global, regional, and national levels of SSB, fruit juice, and milk intake by age and sex in adults over age 20 in 2010. Methods We identified, obtained, and assessed data on intakes of these beverages in adults, by age and sex, from 193 nationally- or subnationally-representative diet surveys worldwide, representing over half the world's population. We also extracted data relevant to milk, fruit juice, and SSB availability for 187 countries from annual food balance information collected by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. We developed a hierarchical Bayesian model to account for measurement incomparability, study representativeness, and sampling and modeling uncertainty, and to combine and harmonize nationally representative dietary survey data and food availability data. Results In 2010, global average intakes were 0.58 (95%UI: 0.37, 0.89) 8 oz servings/day for SSBs, 0.16 (0.10, 0.26) for fruit juice, and 0.57 (0.39, 0.83) for milk. There was significant heterogeneity in consumption of each beverage by region and age. Intakes of SSB were highest in the Caribbean (1.9 servings/day; 1.2, 3.0); fruit juice consumption was highest in Australia and New Zealand (0.66; 0.35, 1.13); and milk intake was highest in Central Latin America and parts of Europe (1.06; 0.68, 1.59). Intakes of all three beverages were lowest in East Asia and Oceania. Globally and within regions, SSB consumption was highest in younger adults; fruit juice consumption showed little relation with age; and milk intakes were highest in older adults. Conclusions Our analysis highlights the enormous spectrum of beverage intakes worldwide, by country, age, and sex. These data are valuable for highlighting gaps in dietary surveillance, determining the impacts of these beverages on global health, and targeting dietary policy.Mahidol UniversityAgricultural and Biological SciencesBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular BiologyArticleSCOPUS10.1371/journal.pone.0124845